Sialadenosis pathophysiology

Sialadenosis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Sialolithiasis :

• Presence of stones within the salivary glands or the salivary gland ducts.

• The exact pathogenesis of sialolithias is not fully understood but relative stagnation of salivary flow and calcium concentration may be important.

• Component of salivary stones include:
  • Calcium phosphate
  • Hydroxyapatite
  • Magnesium
  • Ammonium
  • Potassium

• Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands and minor salivary glands are prone to the development of stones.

• Parotid glands and stensen ducts are located anterior to the external auditory canal.

• Submandibular glands and wharton ducts are located beneath the floor of the mouth.

• Sublingual glands are located beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.

• 75 percent of sialadenosis cases are single

• 3 percent of stones are bilateral and most of them are located in parotid glands.

• Submandibular stones are the largest ones and are often located in the wharton ducts.

• Parotid stones are the smaller than submandibular stones, and they are more located within the glands and they are more multiple.

• Stone formation is 80 to 90 percent in the submandibular gland, 6 to 20 percent in the parotid glands, 1 to 2 percent occur in the sublingual or minor salivary glands .

• Stones occur equally on the right and left sides.

Genetics

• [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].