Ischemic colitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]

Overview

Ischemic colitis causes of reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation such as low blood pressure or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels, a blood clot, or drugs. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified.

Causes

The causes of ischemic colitis are as follows:^[1]^[2]^[3]

Ischemic colitis is often classified according to the underlying cause.
- Non-occlusive ischemia develops because of low blood pressure or constriction of the vessels supplying blood to the colon.
- Occlusive ischemia indicates that a blood clot or other blockage has cut off blood flow to the colon.

Non-occlusive Ischemia

In hemodynamically unstable patients the mesenteric perfusion can be compromised.

Occlusive Ischemia

Obstructive atherosclerotic disease
- Superior mesenteric artery occlusion

Thromboembolism
- Most commonly the embolism is due to atrial fibrillation
- Valvular heart disease including endocarditis
- Myocardial infarction
- Cardiomyopathy

Hernia
Tumor

Drugs

References

↑ Hass, David J.; Kozuch, Patricia; Brandt, Lawrence J. (2007). "Pharmacologically Mediated Colon Ischemia". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 102 (8): 1765–1780. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01260.x. ISSN 0002-9270.
↑ Theodoropoulou, Αngeliki; Κoutroubakis, Ioannis E (2008). "Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (48): 7302. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.7302. ISSN 1007-9327.
↑ Feldman: Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 7th ed., 2002 Saunders, p. 2332.

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[HassKozuch2007-1] Hass, David J.; Kozuch, Patricia; Brandt, Lawrence J. (2007). "Pharmacologically Mediated Colon Ischemia". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 102 (8): 1765–1780. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01260.x. ISSN 0002-9270.

[TheodoropoulouΚoutroubakis2008-2] Theodoropoulou, Αngeliki; Κoutroubakis, Ioannis E (2008). "Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (48): 7302. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.7302. ISSN 1007-9327.

[3] Feldman: Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 7th ed., 2002 Saunders, p. 2332.

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