Hemoptysis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Classification
- Hemoptysis may be classified into several subtypes based on:
- Duration of symptoms
- Severity
- Origin of bleeding
- Based on the duration of symptoms, hemoptysis may be classified as either acute or chronic.
- Hemoptysis may be classified according to severity into 3 groups:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
| Category | Amount | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Mild bleeding | <30 ml blood in 24 hours | |
| Moderate bleeding | 30-100 ml blood in 24 hours | |
| Massive bleeding | 300-600 ml blood in 24 hours | 5-15% of patients |
- Based on the origin of bleeding, hemoptysis may be classified into two groups:[7]
- Pulmonary bleeding (in 90% of patients)
- Extra-pulmonary bleeding
References
- ↑ Johnson JL (2002). "Manifestations of hemoptysis. How to manage minor, moderate, and massive bleeding". Postgrad Med. 112 (4): 101–6, 108–9, 113. PMID 12400152.
- ↑ Mal H, Thabut G, Plantier L (2003). "[Hemoptysis]". Rev Prat (in French). 53 (9): 975–9. PMID 12816036.
- ↑ Andersen PE (2006). "Imaging and interventional radiological treatment of hemoptysis". Acta Radiol. 47 (8): 780–92. doi:10.1080/02841850600827577. PMID 17018424.
- ↑ Sakr L, Dutau H (2010). "Massive hemoptysis: an update on the role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and management". Respiration. 80 (1): 38–58. doi:10.1159/000274492. PMID 20090288.
- ↑ Lee MK, Kim SH, Yong SJ, Shin KC, Kim HS, Yu TS, Choi EH, Lee WY (2015). "Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization". Clin Respir J. 9 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1111/crj.12104. PMID 24406077.
- ↑ Noë, G.D.; Jaffé, S.M.; Molan, M.P. (2011). "CT and CT angiography in massive haemoptysis with emphasis on pre-embolization assessment". Clinical Radiology. 66 (9): 869–875. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2011.03.001. ISSN 0009-9260.
- ↑ Yoon W, Kim JK, Kim YH, Chung TW, Kang HK (2002). "Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis: a comprehensive review". Radiographics. 22 (6): 1395–409. doi:10.1148/rg.226015180. PMID 12432111.