Hemoptysis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Hemoptysis is an important symptom that indicates an underlying pulmonary or extrapulmonary causes.[1]
- Hemoptysis usually happens following bronchitis as an acute symptom and it resolves spontaneously or with antibiotic therapy within a week.[2]
- Watchful observation in a patient with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray is recommended.
- Patients with warning signs must be investigated. Warning signs are as follow:
- Persistent hemoptysis more than one week
- Chest pain
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever higher than 101 degrees
- Shortness of breath
- Change in cough
- Fatigue
Complications
- Complications after bronchial artery embolization include:
- Spinal cord injury
- Esophageal ulcer
- Stroke
- Bronchial infarction
- Transient chest pain
Prognosis
- Prognosis of hemoptysis is generally excellent. However, it requires further investigations.[2]
- Massive hemoptysis has a poor prognosis and the mortality rate of patients with hemoptysis is approximately 50-100%, if left untreated.[5][6]
References
- ↑ Corey R. Hemoptysis. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 39. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK360/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lee, Myoung Kyu; Kim, Sang-Ha; Yong, Suk Joong; Shin, Kye Chul; Kim, Hyun Sik; Yu, Tae-Sun; Choi, Eun Hee; Lee, Won-Yeon (2015). "Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization". The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 9 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1111/crj.12104. ISSN 1752-6981.
- ↑ Dweik RA, Stoller JK (1999). "Role of bronchoscopy in massive hemoptysis". Clin. Chest Med. 20 (1): 89–105. PMID 10205720.
- ↑ Allewelt M, Lode H (2005). "[Diagnosis of haemoptoe/haemoptysis]". Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. (in German). 130 (9): 450–2. doi:10.1055/s-2005-863074. PMID 15731957.
- ↑ Shigemura, Norihisa; Wan, Innes Y.; Yu, Simon C.H.; Wong, Randolph H.; Hsin, Michael K.Y.; Thung, Hoi K.; Lee, Tak-Wai; Wan, Song; Underwood, Malcolm J.; Yim, Anthony P.C. (2009). "Multidisciplinary Management of Life-Threatening Massive Hemoptysis: A 10-Year Experience". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 87 (3): 849–853. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.010. ISSN 0003-4975.
- ↑ Noë, G.D.; Jaffé, S.M.; Molan, M.P. (2011). "CT and CT angiography in massive haemoptysis with emphasis on pre-embolization assessment". Clinical Radiology. 66 (9): 869–875. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2011.03.001. ISSN 0009-9260.