Schizophrenia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Classification

• Historically, schizophrenia in the West was classified into simple, catatonic, hebephrenic (now known as disorganized), and paranoid.
• The DSM- IV contains five sub-classifications of schizophrenia: Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated and residual type, but, this classification has been eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability and poor validity.

• There is no established system for the classification of schizophrenia as per the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-V)

• According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-V, to meet the criteria for diagnosis of schizophrenia, the patient must have experienced at least 2 (or more) of the following symptoms:
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganized speech
  • Disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • Negative symptoms
  • At least 1 of the symptoms must be the presence of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.

• Continuous signs of the disturbance must persist for at least 6 months, during which the patient must experience at least 1 month of active symptoms (or less if successfully treated), with impairment in social, occupational and other significant areas of functioning. The symptoms are not attributable to any other psychiatric , medical or substance use disorder.

• If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or a communication disorder of childhood onset, diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations,in addition to the other required symptoms of schizophrenia, are also present for at least 1 month(or less if successfully treated)