Respiratory failure natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- If left untreated, patients with respiratory failure may progress to develop sepsis and multiple organ failure which increases mortality.[1]
Complications
- Pulmonary complications of respiratory failure include:[2]
- Pulmonary emboli
- Barotrauma
- Fibrosis
- Pneumonia
- Extra-pulmonary complications of respiratory failure include:[2]
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
- Renal failure
- Infection
- Thrombocytopenia
Prognosis
- The resolution of pulmonary edema and inflammation are important for determining the recovery from lung injury.[3]
- Long term prognosis of patients with respiratory failure depends on the severity of underlying disease.
- Recovery of pulmonary function is variable and determined by the severity of the acute episode.
- Acute respiratory failure has a poor prognosis when there is an underlying hematologic malignancy.
References
- ↑ Weiss SM, Hudson LD (January 1994). "Outcome from respiratory failure". Crit Care Clin. 10 (1): 197–215. PMID 8118729.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pingleton SK (May 1983). "Complications of acute respiratory failure". Med. Clin. North Am. 67 (3): 725–46. PMID 6405105.
- ↑ Matthay MA, Zimmerman GA (October 2005). "Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome: four decades of inquiry into pathogenesis and rational management". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 33 (4): 319–27. doi:10.1165/rcmb.F305. PMC 2715340. PMID 16172252.