Churg-Strauss syndrome diagnostic study of choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Overview
There are no specific diagnostic studies to confirm the diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, High resolution CT scan of lung and biopsy from various organs may be helpful in confirming the disease.
Diagnostic Study of Choice
- High resolution CT scan:
- High-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scan of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis will show the following findings:
- Airspace consolidations mostly bilateral and lobular distribution
- Ground-glass opacities, can be seen in a patchy or subpleural distribution, with inclination most commonly occurring in the lower zone portion of the lung
- Centrilobular nodules
- Bronchial wall thickening and/or dilatation
- Pleural effusions
- Hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement
- Interlobular septal thickening
- High-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scan of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis will show the following findings:
- Biopsy
- Because of the multiple organ involvements, the biopsy should be obtained from any of the following organ sites:
- Lung:
- The gold standard in establishing a diagnosis for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a lung biopsy. surgical or transbronchial biopsy can be performed.
- Skin
- Nerve
- Kidney
- Muscle
- Lung:
- Biopsy findings may include eosinophilic infiltration, vasculitis of small and medium-sized vessels and granuloma formation.
- Because of the multiple organ involvements, the biopsy should be obtained from any of the following organ sites:
Diagnostic Criteria
According to the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria [1]
| Asthma
Polyneuropathy or Mononeuropathy Non fixed pulmonary infiltrates Paranasal sinus that is abnormal Eosinophils that are extravascular |
Patients must express 4 out the 6 criteria to be diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. |
According to Lanham diagnostic criteria [2]
| Asthma
Eosinophilia peak of >1.5x109 cell/L or >10% of the total WBC Systemic vasculitis, two or greater extra pulmonary sites |
All 3 criteria’s need to be present |
References
- ↑ Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP; et al. (1990). "The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis)". Arthritis Rheum. 33 (8): 1094–100. PMID 2202307.
- ↑ Lanham JG, Elkon KB, Pusey CD, Hughes GR (1984). "Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the Churg-Strauss syndrome". Medicine (Baltimore). 63 (2): 65–81. PMID 6366453.