Kawasaki disease primary prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]

Overview

Primary prevention for Kawasaki disease is not applicable. Complications of the disease, however, may be prevented through the use of medical prophylaxis.

Prevention

AHA Scientific Statement on Kawasaki Disease

Recommendations for Prevention of Thrombosis During the Acute Illness

The AHA Recommendations for the prevention of Thrombosis during the acute illness are:

Class I

"1. Low-dose ASA (3–5 mg·kg−¹·d−¹) should be administered to patients without evidence of coronary artery changes until 4 to 6 weeks after onset of illness.(Level of Evidence: C) "

Class IIa

"1. For patients with rapidly expanding coronary artery aneurysms or a maximum Z score of ≥10, systemic anticoagulation with LMWH or warfarin (international normalized ratio target 2.0–3.0) in addition to low dose ASA is reasonable. (Level of Evidence: B) "

Class IIb

"1. For patients at increased risk of thrombosis, for example, with large or giant aneurysms (≥8 mm or Z score ≥10) and a recent history of coronary artery thrombosis, “triple therapy” with ASA, a second antiplatelet agent, and anticoagulation with warfarin or LMWH may be considered. (Level of Evidence: C) "

Class III

"1. Ibuprofen and other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with known or potential involvement of cyclooxygenase pathway may be harmful in patients taking ASA for its antiplatelet effects. (Level of Evidence: B) "

Recommendations for Risk Stratification of Coronary Artery Abnormalities

Class IIa

"1. It is reasonable to use echocardiographic coronary artery luminal dimensions converted to BSA-adjusted Z scores to determine risk stratification. (Level of Evidence: B) "

"2. It is reasonable to incorporate both maximal and current coronary artery involvement in risk stratification. (Level of Evidence: C) "

"3. It is reasonable to incorporate the presence of additional features other than coronary artery luminal dimensions into decisions regarding risk stratification. (Level of Evidence: C) "