IgA nephropathy epidemiology and demographics
|
IgA nephropathy Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
IgA nephropathy epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of IgA nephropathy epidemiology and demographics |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for IgA nephropathy epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
IgA nephropathy is currently the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis globally. [1] IgA nephropathy is the most common primary chronic glomerulonephritis in the developed world. It comprises approximately 10% of all biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis in USA, 20% of those in Europe and 40-50% of those in Asia.[2] However, kidney biopsies are not routinely performed for all patients with kidney diseases; hence, IgA nephropathy is perhaps under-diagnosed, and its true prevalence remains unknown.
Incidence
Race
- IgA nephropathy is found more commonly in Asians, Caucasians and people of Eastern Europe. It is very rare in Blacks and people of African descent.
Gender
- IgA nephropathy seems to be more common among males with a 2:1 male to female ratio for both children and adults.[3][4]
- The studies from Japan report an equal male to female ratio.[5]
Age
- IgA nephropathy may present at any age. Although, it can occur in childhood.
- IgA Nephropathy is often found mostly in adult males in the second to third decade of life.
- It is a frequently diagnosed glomerular disease in both the pediatric and the adult population.
- The median age ranges between 30-40 years. Recently, IgA Nephropathy has shown an increase in incidence among patients in older age groups.[6]
- Although the classical presentation of IgA nephropathy is gross hematuria in a young male patient following an upper respiratory tract infection, such findings are in fact only seen in 30-40% of the patients.[6] Atypical presentations are more common among older patients.
- It is also noteworthy, that some studies have shown incidence of IgAN in about 3 -16% healthy individuals [7].
- The renal biopsy of these healthy individuals showed evidence of immunogenic IgA deposit in the renal glomeruli without any evidence of kidney disease or systemic manifestation.
Geographical Distribution
- IgA nephropathy is highly prevalent in the Pacific Rim in Europe and North America[6] and in the far East Asia, namely China and Japan.[8]
References
- ↑ Julian BA, Waldo FB, Rifai A, Mestecky J (1988). "IgA nephropathy, the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. A neglected disease in the United States?". Am J Med. 84 (1): 129–32. PMID 3337116.
- ↑ Haubitz M, Wittke S, Weissinger EM, Walden M, Rupprecht HD, Floege J; et al. (2005). "Urine protein patterns can serve as diagnostic tools in patients with IgA nephropathy". Kidney Int. 67 (6): 2313–20. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00335.x. PMID 15882273.
- ↑ Wyatt RJ, Kritchevsky SB, Woodford SY, Miller PM, Roy S, Holland NH; et al. (1995). "IgA nephropathy: long-term prognosis for pediatric patients". J Pediatr. 127 (6): 913–9. PMID 8523188.
- ↑ Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Baehler RW, Stafford CC, McMorrow RG, Ferguson T; et al. (1998). "Epidemiology of IgA nephropathy in central and eastern Kentucky for the period 1975 through 1994. Central Kentucky Region of the Southeastern United States IgA Nephropathy DATABANK Project". J Am Soc Nephrol. 9 (5): 853–8. PMID 9596083.
- ↑ Feehally J, Cameron JS (2011). "IgA nephropathy: progress before and since Berger". Am J Kidney Dis. 58 (2): 310–9. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.03.024. PMID 21705126.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Barratt J, Feehally J (2005). "IgA nephropathy". J Am Soc Nephrol. 16 (7): 2088–97. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005020134. PMID 15930092.
- ↑ Suzuki K, Honda K, Tanabe K, Toma H, Nihei H, Yamaguchi Y (2003). "Incidence of latent mesangial IgA deposition in renal allograft donors in Japan". Kidney Int. 63 (6): 2286–94. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.6s.2.x. PMID 12753320.
- ↑ Hall YN, Fuentes EF, Chertow GM, Olson JL (2004). "Race/ethnicity and disease severity in IgA nephropathy". BMC Nephrol. 5: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-5-10. PMC 517500. PMID 15341669.