Acute promyelocytic leukemia risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia risk factors
Risk factors for acute promyelocytic leukemia are similar to risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia.
- Advanced age: This is the most common risk factor for acute leukemia. Elderly patients are more likely to develop myeloid leukemia, due to a longer duration and opportunity for mutations to accumulate in cells.
- Benzene[1]: Benzene is a chemical solvent and aromatic hydrocarbon, for which exposure is a significant risk factor for acute leukemia.[1]
- Prior myelodysplastic syndrome: Myelodysplastic syndrome is a disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, defective maturation of blood cells, and peripheral cytopenias. Antecedant myelodysplastic syndrome is implicated in some forms of acute leukemia, such as acute myeloid leukemia.
- Germline mutations: In general, germline predisposition to acute promyelocytic leukemia is rare. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia, germline mutations in the RUNX1 gene can predispose to the development of the cancer.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 McHale CM, Zhang L, Smith MT (2012). "Current understanding of the mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia in humans: implications for risk assessment". Carcinogenesis. 33 (2): 240–52. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgr297. PMC 3271273. PMID 22166497.