Diffuse large B cell lymphoma medical therapy
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3)Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2], Anila Hussain, MD [3]
Overview
The optimal therapy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma depends on the stage at diagnosis,age, IPI (International Prognostic Index) and aaIPI (Age adjusted International Prognostic index). The predominant therapy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma is chemotherapy. Adjunctive radiotherapy may be required. Inclusion in a clinical trial is recommended when available.
Medical Therapy
Chemotherapy
Main treatment of Choice for DLBCL. Chemotherapy is administered intravenously and is most effective when it is administered multiple times over a period of months (e.g. every 3 weeks, over 6 to 8 cycles). Different regimens of Chemotherapy with different durations/Cycles are used depending on the stage of disease, age of patient and prognsotic index. In general
- Patients with limited stage disease receive 3 cycles of therapy
- Patients with extensive disease 6 or 8 cycles of chemotherapy. In the United States, 6 cycles is the preferred approach rather than 8 cycles.
Radiation therapy
Radiation is often added in the treatment. It is used commonly after completing 3 cycles of treatment in limited stage disease. In extensive disease, after 6-8 cycles of chemotherapy, radiation can be used at the end of the treatment to areas of bulky involvement. Radiation therapy alone is not an effective treatment for this disease
Regimens of Chemotherapy
1) R-CHOP
- Standard treatment is CHOP-R, also referred to as R-CHOP, an improved form of CHOP with the addition of rituximab (Rituxan), which has increased the rates of complete responses for Diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients, particularly elderly patients.[1][2][3]
R-CHOP is a combination of one monoclonal antibody, 3 chemotherapy drugs and one steroid:[4]
- Rituximab (Rituxan)
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin)
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Prednisone
2) R-ACVBP
Alternate Intensive immmunochemotherapy, which is a combination of:
- Rituximab
- Doxorubicin
- Cyclophosphamide
- Vindesine
- Bleomycin
- Prednisone
3) R-CHOEP
- Rituximab
- Cyclophosphamide
- Doxorubicin
- Vincristine
- etoposide
- Prednisolone
Age Based Treatment Approach:
Age less than or equal to 60 years:
Non-Bulky Disease with aaPI Low ( 0 )
- Six Cycles of R-CHOP given every 21 days[5]
- Radiotherapy Consolidation treatment has no proven benefit in patients with non bulky disease
non Bulky with aaPI Low-Intermediate risk ( 1 ) OR aaPI Low ( 0 ) with Bulky Disease
- Six Cycles of R-CHOP given every 21 days plus Radiotherapy is recommended along with chemotherapy in this group
- Alteranative treatment can include intensive immunochemotherapy with R-ACVBP( Dose intensive Rituximab, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Vindesine, Bleomycin and Prednisone) with subsequent consolidation therapy and can improve survival. Radiotherapyis not recommended in this regimen[6].
Intermediate High risk or High Risk ( > or equal to 2 )
- No current standard therapy
- Inclusion in Clinical Trial is recommended
- Eight cycles of R-CHOP given every 21 days is most frequently used therapy
- Intensive treatment with R-ACVBP or R-CHOEP is also used sometimes[7]
A new development is obtaining a PET scan after completing two cycles of chemotherapy, to help make further decisions after chemotherapy.
Elderly
The elderly are usually unable to tolerate therapy well. Multiple lower intensity regimens have been attempted in this age group.[8]
People receiving chemotherapy commonly have a (peripherally inserted central catheter) in their arm near the elbow or a surgically implanted medical port.
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References
- ↑ Sehn, L. H.; Berry, B.; Chhanabhai, M.; Fitzgerald, C.; Gill, K.; Hoskins, P.; Klasa, R.; Savage, K. J.; Shenkier, T.; Sutherland, J.; Gascoyne, R. D.; Connors, J. M. (2007). "The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) is a better predictor of outcome than the standard IPI for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP". Blood. 109 (5): 1857–61. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-038257. PMID 17105812.
- ↑ Miyazaki K (2016). "Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma". J Clin Exp Hematop. 56 (2): 79–88. doi:10.3960/jslrt.56.79. PMID 27980306.
- ↑ http://cornell-lymphoma.com/tag/dlbcl/[full citation needed]
- ↑ Farber, Charles M.; Axelrod, Randy C. (2011). "The Clinical and Economic Value of Rituximab for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies". Contemporary Oncology. 3 (1).
- ↑ Pfreundschuh M, Kuhnt E, Trumper L et al. CHOP-like chemotherapy with or without rituximab in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-celllymphoma: 6-year results of an open-label randomised study of the MabThera International Trial (MInT) Group. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 1013–1022
- ↑ Récher C, Coiffier B, Haioun C et al. Intensified chemotherapy with ACVBP plus rituximab versus standard CHOP plus rituximab for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LNH03-2B): an open-label randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 2011; 378: 1858–1867
- ↑ Fitoussi O, Belhadj K, Mounier N et al. Survival impact of rituximab combined with ACVBP and upfront consolidation autotransplantation in high-risk diffuse large Bcell lymphoma for GELA. Haematologica 2011; 96: 1136–1143
- ↑ Zaja, F.; Tomadini, V.; Zaccaria, A.; Lenoci, M.; Battista, M.; Molinari, A. L.; Fabbri, A.; Battista, R.; Cabras, M. G.; Gallamini, A.; Fanin, R. (2006). "CHOP-rituximab with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 47 (10): 2174–80. doi:10.1080/10428190600799946. PMID 17071492.