Interstitial nephritis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Tubulo-interstitial nephritis
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) refers to a group of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys that primarily involve
the interstitium and tubules.The glomeruli may be spared altogether or affected only late in the course. In most cases
of TIN caused by bacterial infection, the renal pelvis is prominently involved—hence the more descriptive term
pyelonephritis (from pyelo, “pelvis”). The term interstitial nephritis generally is reserved for cases of TIN that are nonbacterial in origin. These include tubular injury resulting from drugs, metabolic disorders such as hypokalemia,
physical injury such as irradiation, viral infections, and immune reactions. On the basis of clinical features and the
character of the inflammatory exudate, TIN, regardless of the etiologic agent, can be divided into acute and chronic
categories. Discussed next is acute pyelonephritis, which is always of bacterial origin, followed by consideration of
other, nonbacterial forms of interstitial nephritis.
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Interstitial nephritis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | KUB X Ray | CT | MRI | Biopsy and Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies