Hyperkalemia risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2],Jogeet Singh Sekhon

Overview

The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium. This may result from disorders such as acute kidney failure, chronic kidney failure and glomerulonephritis.

Risk Factors

The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium..

Common risk factors

• Acute kidney failure
• Chronic kidney failure
• Glomerulonephritis
• Obstructive uropathy
• Rejection of a kidney transplant
• Addison's disease

Less common risk factors-

• Burns
• Disorders that cause blood cells to burst (hemolytic conditions)
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Rhabdomyolysis from drugs, alcoholism, coma, or certain infections
• Surgery
• Traumatic injury
• Tumors
• Acidosis

If the kidney is working properly, and there is enough aldosterone, tissue trauma alone rarely leads to hyperkalemia. A normally functioning kidney will remove the excess potassium that has been released from the cells.

Increased intake of potassium can cause hyperkalemia if kidney function is poor. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, as do many "low-salt" packaged foods.

Patient may be at risk of developing hyperkalemia if taking medications that affect kidney function (potassium sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene) and potassium supplements (especially intravenous potassium).

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