Interstitial nephritis causes

Interstitial nephritis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Interstitial nephritis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Interstitial nephritis causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Interstitial nephritis causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Interstitial nephritis causes
CDC on Interstitial nephritis causes
Interstitial nephritis causes in the news
Blogs on Interstitial nephritis causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Interstitial nephritis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Interstitial nephritis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohsen Basiri M.D.

Overview

Common causes of interstitial nephritis include drug side effects, particularly analgesics and antibiotics. Other common causes include associated nephrologic conditions, as well as microbial infections.

Causes

Drugs

• 70 to 75 percent (with antibiotics responsible for 30 to 49 percent of these cases)

• Any drug has potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)

• Penicillins and cephalosporins
• Antimicrobial sulfonamides, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
• Rifampin
• Diuretics, including loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide, and
• Thiazide-type diuretics
• Cipro􀉻oxacin and, perhaps to a lesser degree, ● other quinolones
• Cimetidine
• Allopurinol
• Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole
• Indinavir
• 5-aminosalicylates (eg, mesalamine)

Infections

Multiple organisms may cause TIN including bacterial viral fungal parasitic infections.

Bacteria

• Legionella,
• Leptospira,
• Streptococcus,
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• Yersinia,
• Enterococcus
• Escherichia coli

Virus

• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),
• Aolyomavirus,
• Adenovirus,
• Candida

parasites

• Leishmania
• Toxoplasma

Immunologic diseases

• Sarcoidosis

• SLE,

• Sjögren's syndrome

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of TIN include:

• Heavy metals (eg, lead, cadmium, mercury)
• Obstructive uropathy, nephrolithiasis, reflux disease
• Neoplasia (eg, myeloma, leukemia, amyloidosis)
• Metabolic diseases (eg, hypercalcemia, cystinosis, potassium depletion, hyperoxaluria)

Cardiovascular	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Kawasaki's disease
Chemical/Poisoning	Aristolochia, Quinine, Thiazide diuretics
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Rubeola infection,
Drug Side Effect	Acetaminophen  , Acyclovir, Aldomet, Allopurinol, Alpha-interferon, Amlodipine, Ampicillin, Anitrim, Anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies  , Apo-sulfatrim, Aspirin, Azathioprine, Bactelan, Batrizol, Bumetanide, Captopril, Carbamazepine, Cefaclor, Cefotaxime sodium, Cefoxitin sodium, Cephalosporin, Chlorthalidone, Cimetidine  , Ciprofloxacin, Clofibrate, Cox-2 inhibitors, Creatine, Dabrafenib mesylate, Diazepam, Diclofenac, Diflunisal, Diltiazem, Diphenylhydantoin, Diuretics, Doxycycline, Ectaprim, Enterobacticel, Erythromycin, Esteprim, Ethambutol, Famotidine, Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Furosemide, Griseofulvin, Hydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Ibuprofen, Indinavir, Indomethacin, Isobac, Isoniazid, Kelfiprim, Ketoprofen, Lansoprazole, Macrolides, Mesalamine, Mesalazine, Methicillin, Metoxiprim, Minocycline hydrochloride, Naproxen, Novo-trimel, Nu-cotrimox, Olsalazine, Omeprazole, Oxacillin, Oxaprozin, Oxytetracycline, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Penicillin , Phenindione, Phenobarbital, Phenteramine, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenytoin, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Piroxicam, Polymyxin, Pranlukast, Propylthioruacil, Pro-trin, Rabeprazole, Ranitidine, Rifampin, Roubac, Streptomycin, Sulfatrim ds, Sulfinpyrazone, Sulfonamide, Sulfoxaprim, Sulindac, Syraprim, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tetracycline, Thiazide diuretics, Tolmetin, Treponema, Triamterene, Trimesuxol, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Trimetoger, Trimetox, Trimzol, Trisulfa, Trisulfam, Uroplus ds, Uroplus ss, Vancomycin
Ear Nose Throat	Sjogren syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Escherichia coli, Inflammatory bowel disease
Genetic	Alport syndrome, Bardet-biedl syndrome
Hematologic	Hypercalcemia, Hyperkalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Hyperuricemia, Hypokalemia, Sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Adenovirus, Brucella, Candida, Chlamydia, Coccidioidomycosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Cytomegalovirus, Diphtheria, Enterococcus, Epstein-barr virus  , Escherichia coli, Francisella, Hantaan virus, Histoplasmosis, Hiv infection, Legionellosis, Leishmaniasis, Leptospirosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma infection, Polyomavirus, Rickettsia infection, Rubeola infection, Streptococcal infection, Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Uveitis, Yersinia
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Creatine, Hyperuricemia, Hypokalemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Myeloma
Ophthalmologic	Uveitis
Overdose/Toxicity	Cocaine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Hantaan virus, Histoplasmosis, Sarcoidosis
Renal/Electrolyte	Alport syndrome, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hyperkalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Reflux nephropathy, Renal failure, Sensenbrenner syndrome, Tubulointerstitial nephritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Igg4-related disease, Kawasaki's disease, Sarcoidosis, Sicca syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	Hiv infection, Syphilis
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.

3