Tisagenlecleucel
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yashasvi Aryaputra[2];
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Black Box Warning
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CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME AND NEUROLOGICAL TOXICITIES
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
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Overview
Tisagenlecleucel is a Acetylcholine release inhibitor, Adrenergic receptor agonist that is FDA approved for the (type of indication of drug) of a list of indications, separated by commas.. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include a list of adverse reactions, separated by commas..
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
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Condition 2
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Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Guideline-Supported Use
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Condition 2
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Non–Guideline-Supported Use
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Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
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Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Guideline-Supported Use
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Condition 2
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Non–Guideline-Supported Use
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Contraindications
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Warnings
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CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME AND NEUROLOGICAL TOXICITIES
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
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Conidition 1
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Conidition 2
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Conidition 3
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Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
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Hypersensitive Reactions
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Condition 2
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Cardiovascular
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Postmarketing Experience
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Drug Interactions
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Use in Specific Populations
Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Category (AUS):
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Tisagenlecleucel in women who are pregnant.
Labor and Delivery
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Nursing Mothers
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Pediatric Use
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Geriatic Use
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Race
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Renal Impairment
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Hepatic Impairment
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Females of Reproductive Potential and Males
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Immunocompromised Patients
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Administration and Monitoring
Administration
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Monitoring
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Condition 2
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Condition 3
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IV Compatibility
There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Tisagenlecleucel and IV administrations.
Overdosage
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Management
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Chronic Overdose
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Pharmacology
Tisagenlecleucel
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| CAS number | ? |
| ATC code | None |
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| Synonyms | CTL019 |
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| Half life | 16.8 days |
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[[Prescription drug|Template:Unicode-only]](US) |
| Routes | Intravenous infusion |
Mechanism of Action
- KYMRIAH is a CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy which involves reprogramming a patient’s own T cells with a transgene encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to identify and eliminate CD19-expressing malignant and normal cells. The CAR is comprised of a murine single-chain antibody fragment which recognizes CD19 and is fused to intracellular signaling domains from 4-1BB (CD137) and CD3 zeta. The CD3 zeta component is critical for initiating T-cell activation and antitumor activity, while 4-1BB enhances the expansion and persistence of KYMRIAH. Upon binding to CD19-expressing cells, the CAR transmits a signal to promote T-cell expansion, activation, target cell elimination, and persistence of the KYMRIAH cells.
Structure
There is limited information regarding Tisagenlecleucel Structure in the drug label.
Pharmacodynamics
There is limited information regarding Tisagenlecleucel Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.
Pharmacokinetics
- Following infusion, KYMRIAH exhibited an initial rapid expansion followed by a bi-exponential decline in both pediatric and young adult relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, and adult relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.
- A summary of pharmacokinetic parameters of KYMRIAH is provided in Table 7 below.
Description of Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric and Young Adult r/r B-cell ALL (up to 25 years of age)
- The Cmax and AUC0-28d were approximately 2-fold higher in CR/CRi patients compared with non-responding (NR) patients.
- KYMRIAH was present in the blood as well as bone marrow and was measurable beyond 2 years. Blood to bone marrow partitioning suggested that KYMRIAH distribution in bone marrow was 44% of that present in blood at Day 28 while at Months 3 and 6 KYMRIAH distributed at 67% and 69%, respectively, indicating high distribution to bone marrow.
- Children < 10 years and between 10-18 years of age had 1.5- to 2-fold higher Cmax and AUC0-28d than adults. Due to small sample size and high variability, it is difficult to assess the impact of age on the pharmacokinetics of KYMRIAH.
Description of Pharmacokinetics in Adult r/r DLBCL
- The Cmax and AUC0-28d were similar between responding and non-responding (NR) patients.
- KYMRIAH was present in adult r/r DLBCL patients up to 18 months in peripheral blood and up to 9 months in the bone marrow for patients having a complete response. The median time of maximal expansion of transgene levels (Tmax) in peripheral blood occurred at 9-10 days in both responding and non-responding patients.
Tocilizumab and Corticosteroid use
- Some patients required tocilizumab and corticosteroids for the management of CRS. KYMRIAH continues to expand and persist following tocilizumab administration. Patients who have higher expansion tended to have higher CRS Grades [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- Pediatric and young adult r/r B-cell ALL patients (n = 18) treated with tocilizumab had 265% and 183% higher KYMRIAH AUC0-28d and Cmax, respectively, as compared to patients (n = 44) who did not receive tocilizumab. In addition, patients who received corticosteroids had 89% higher AUC0-28d compared with patients who did not receive corticosteroids.
- Adult /r/r DLBCL patients treated with tocilizumab (N = 15) had 199% (n = 11) and 257% (n = 13) higher KYMRIAH AUC0-28d and Cmax, respectively, as compared to patients (N = 90) who did not receive tocilizumab. In addition, patients who received corticosteroids (N = 11) had 122% and 161% higher AUC0-28d and Cmax, respectively, as compared with patients who did not receive corticosteroids (N = 94). Hepatic and renal impairment studies of KYMRIAH were not conducted.
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
- Genotoxicity assays and carcinogenicity assessment in rodent models were not performed for KYMRIAH. In vitro expansion studies with transduced T cells (KYMRIAH) from healthy donors and patients showed no evidence for transformation and/or immortalization of T cells. In vivo studies in immunocompromised mice did not show signs of abnormal cell growth or signs of clonal cell expansion for up to 7 months after cell injection. A genomic insertion site analysis was performed on KYMRIAH products from 14 individual donors (12 patients and 2 healthy volunteers). There was no evidence for preferential integration near genes of concern, or preferential outgrowth of cells harboring integration sites of concern.
- No studies on the effects of KYMRIAH on fertility have been conducted.
Clinical Studies
Relapsed or Refractory (r/r) B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- The efficacy of KYMRIAH in pediatric and young adults with r/r B-cell precursor ALL was evaluated in an open-label, multicenter single-arm trial (ELIANA, NCT02228096). In total, 107 patients were screened, 88 were enrolled, 68 were treated, and 63 were evaluable for efficacy. Nine percent of the enrolled patients did not receive the product due to manufacturing failure. The 63 evaluable patients included 35 males and 28 females of median age 12 years (range: 3-23 years). Seventy-three percent of patients were White, 10% were Asian, and 17% were of other races. Six (10%) had primary refractory disease, 30 (48%) had one prior stem cell transplantation, 5 patients (8%) had two stem cell transplantations. Treatment consisted of lymphodepleting chemotherapy (fludarabine 30 mg/m2 daily for 4 days and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 daily for 2 days) followed by a single dose of KYMRIAH. Of the 22 patients who had a WBC count < 1000/µL, 20 received lymphodepleting chemotherapy prior to KYMRIAH while 2 received KYMRIAH infusion without lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Fifty-three patients received bridging chemotherapy between time of enrollment and lymphodepleting chemotherapy.
- The efficacy of KYMRIAH was established on the basis of complete remission (CR) within 3 months after infusion, the duration of CR, and proportion of patients with CR and minimal residual disease (MRD) < 0.01% by flow cytometry (MRD-negative) (Table 8). Among the 63 infused patients, 52 (83%) achieved CR/CRi, all of which were MRD-negative. With a median follow-up of 4.8 months from response, the median duration of CR/CRi was not reached (range: 1.2 to 14.1+ months). Median time to onset of CR/CRi was 29 days with onset of CR/CRi between 26 and 31 days for 50/52 (96%) responders. The stem cell transplantation rate among those who achieved CR/CRi was 12% (6/52). Table 8 shows the efficacy results from this study.
Adult Relapsed or Refractory (r/r) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
- The efficacy and safety of KYMRIAH was evaluated in an open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial (JULIET; NCT02445248). Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years of age with relapsed or refractory DLBCL, who received ≥ 2 lines of chemotherapy, including rituximab and anthracycline, or relapsed following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The study excluded patients with active central nervous system malignancy, prior allogenic HSCT, an ECOG performance status ≥ 2, a creatinine clearance < 60, alanine aminotransferase > 5 times normal, cardiac ejection fraction < 45%, or absolute lymphocyte concentration less than 300/µL.
- Following 2 to 11 days after completion of lymphodepleting (LD) chemotherapy consisting of either fludarabine (25 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 3 days) and cyclophosphamide (250 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 3 days starting with the first dose of fludarabine) or bendamustine (90 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 2 days), KYMRIAH was administered as a single intravenous infusion. Bridging chemotherapy between leukapheresis and LD chemotherapy was permitted to control disease burden. LD chemotherapy could be omitted if the white blood cell count was < 1000 cells/µL. The major efficacy outcome measures were objective response rate per Lugano criteria [2014] as assessed by an independent review committee and duration of response.
- Of the 160 patients enrolled, 106 patients received tisagenlecleucel, including 92 patients who received product manufactured in the U.S. and were followed for at least 3 months or discontinued earlier. Eleven out of 160 patients enrolled did not receive tisagenlecleucel due to manufacturing failure. Thirty-eight other patients did not receive tisagenlecleucel, primarily due to death (n = 16), physician decision (n = 16), and adverse events (n = 3).
- Of the 92 patients receiving KYMRIAH, 90% received physician’s choice of bridging chemotherapy in the interval between start of screening and KYMRIAH infusion, among whom the median number of bridging chemotherapy regimens was 1 (range: 1 to 5) with 83% of patients receiving ≤ 2 regimens. A retrospectively identified sub-group of 68 patients was evaluable for the major efficacy outcome measures. Patients included in this sub-group had either had no bridging chemotherapy, or had imaging that showed measurable disease after completion of bridging chemotherapy, prior to KYMRIAH infusion. Of the 24 patients not included, 8 had no evidence of disease at baseline prior to KYMRIAH infusion, 15 did not have baseline imaging following bridging chemotherapy, and 1 was excluded because of initial misclassification of a neuroendocrine tumor as DLBCL.
- Among the efficacy evaluable population of 68 patients, the baseline characteristics were: median age 56 years (range: 22 to 74 years); 71% male; 90% White, 4% Asian, and 3% Black or African American; 78% had primary DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS) and 22% had DLBCL following transformation from follicular lymphoma, of whom 17% were identified as high grade; and 44% had undergone prior autologous HSCT. The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range: 1 to 6), 56% had refractory disease and 44% relapsed after their last therapy. Ninety percent of patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy (66% of patients received fludarabine and 24% received bendamustine) and 10% did not receive any LD chemotherapy. The median time from leukapheresis and cryopreservation to KYMRIAH infusion was 113 days (range: 47 to 196 days). The median dose was 3.5 × 108 CAR-positive viable T cells (range: 1.0 to 5.2 × 108 cells). Seventy-three percent of patients received KYMRIAH in the inpatient setting.
- Efficacy was established on the basis of complete response (CR) rate and duration of response (DOR), as determined by an independent review committee (Table 9 and Table 10). The median time to first response to KYMRIAH (CR or PR) was 0.9 months (range: 0.7 to 3.3 months). The median duration of response was not reached. Response durations were longer in patients who achieved CR, as compared to patients with a best response of partial response (PR) (Table 12). Of the 22 patients who experienced a CR, 9 achieved this status by 1 month, 12 more by month 3, and the last by month 6 after KYMRIAH infusion.
How Supplied
- KYMRIAH is supplied as a frozen suspension of genetically modified autologous T cells in an infusion bag(s) labeled for the specific recipient. KYMRIAH is shipped directly to the cell lab associated with the infusion center in a liquid nitrogen Dewar. Product and patient-specific labels are located inside the Dewar.
- Ped ALL: NDC 0078-0846-19
- DLBCL: NDC 0078-0958-19
Storage
- Confirm patient identity upon receipt.
- Store infusion bag(s) in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen (less than or equal to minus 120°C) in a temperature-monitored system.
- Use closed, break-proof, leak-proof containers when transporting infusion bags within the facility.
- Thaw KYMRIAH prior to infusion.
Images
Drug Images
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Package and Label Display Panel
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Patient Counseling Information
- Ensure that patients understand the risk of manufacturing failure. This has been reported in up to 9% of manufacturing attempts. In case of a manufacturing failure, a second manufacturing of KYMRIAH may be attempted. In addition, while the patient awaits the product, additional chemotherapy (not the lymphodepletion) may be necessary and may increase the risk of adverse events during the pre-infusion period.
- Prior to infusion, advise patients of the following risks:
- Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) -- Report signs and symptoms of CRS (high fever, difficulty breathing, chills/shaking chills, severe nausea, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, severe muscle pain, severe joint pain, very low blood pressure, or dizziness/lightheadedness) to their healthcare professional.
- Neurological Toxicities -- Report altered or decreased consciousness, delirium, confusion, agitation, seizures, difficulty speaking and understanding, or loss of balance to their healthcare professional.
- Serious Infections -- KYMRIAH may cause serious infections. Advise patients that they will be screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV before collection of cells.
- Hypogammaglobulinemia -- Patients may need to receive immunoglobulin replacement for an indefinite amount of time following treatment with KYMRIAH. Patients should tell their physician about their treatment with KYMRIAH before receiving a live virus vaccine.
- Driving and Engaging in Hazardous Occupations -- Patients should refrain from driving and engaging in hazardous occupations or activities, such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery, for at least 8 weeks after treatment.
- Prolonged Cytopenia -- Patient may exhibit signs or symptoms associated with bone marrow suppression (i.e., neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia) for several weeks following lymphodepleting chemotherapy and KYMRIAH.
- Patients should be instructed to contact Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation at 1-844-4KYMRIAH if they get secondary malignancies.
Precautions with Alcohol
Alcohol-Tisagenlecleucel interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor regarding the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
Brand Names
- Kymriah
Look-Alike Drug Names
There is limited information regarding Tisagenlecleucel Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.
Drug Shortage Status
Drug Shortage
Price
References
The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.