Multiple myeloma other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Shyam Patel [3]
Overview
Cytology and/or histology, cytogenetic investigation (chromosome analysis and FISH) may be helpful in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma to detect unfavorable cytogenetic aberrations.[1] PMID:27476706 On bone marrow biopsy, multiple myeloma is characterized by an increase in percentage of abnormal plasma cells.[1] On genetic testing, multiple myeloma is characterized by chromosome 13 deletion and chromosome 14 translocation.[1][2]
Other Diagnostic Studies
Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Bone marrow biopsy is usually performed in most patients with a suspected diagnosis of multiple myeloma or other hematologic malignancy. It is usually done as part of the initial diagnostic workup.
- Bone marrow biopsy is usually performed to estimate the percentage of bone marrow occupied by plasma cells.[1]
- Bone marrow biopsy consists of both a liquid aspirate and a solid core biopsy. Immunophenotyping (flow cytometry) is usually done on the bone marrow aspirate to assess for abnormal cells. Of note, plasma cells are particularly susceptible to mechanical damage by immunophenotyping, so this is not the best way to assess for plasma cell burden in the bone marrow. A better method is to assess the core biopsy for plasma cell content.
- Karyotyping detects any chromosomal abnormalities in multiple myeloma cells such as chromosome 13 deletion.[1][2] Cytogenetics (chromosome analysis) can be performed on the core biopsy. Molecular studies are usually performed on the aspirate. Certain cytogenetic abnormalities have prognostic significance.
- The percentage of plasma cells is used of one of the key diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma.[1] A diagnosis of multiple myeloma requires greater than 10% clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow.
- Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) detects any chromosomal abnormalities occurring in multiple myeloma such as chromosome 14 translocation.[1][2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015