Epilepsy differential diagnosis

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Overview

Epilepsy must be differentiated from:

Psychogenic nonepileptic attacks (PNEAs):
- Psychogenic nonepileptic attacks most commonly happens in young women and is the most common disease misdiagnosed with epilepsy.^[1]^[2]^[3]
- There are some features which can help us differentiate PNEAs from epilepsy:

These patients are resistance to antiepileptic drugs.^[4]
PNEAs rarely happens in sleep and mostly happens in the present of an audience.^[5]
In physical examination of PNEAs patients we can observe histrionic features.^[6]
Tongue biting, urine incontinence and postictal confusion are in favor of epilepsy.^[6]
In PNEAs we have normal EEGs.^[7]

↑ Benbadis SR, O'Neill E, Tatum WO, Heriaud L (September 2004). "Outcome of prolonged video-EEG monitoring at a typical referral epilepsy center". Epilepsia. 45 (9): 1150–3. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.14504.x. PMID 15329081.
↑ Behrouz R, Heriaud L, Benbadis SR (May 2006). "Late-onset psychogenic nonepileptic seizures". Epilepsy Behav. 8 (3): 649–50. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.02.003. PMID 16531122.
↑ Duncan R, Oto M, Martin E, Pelosi A (June 2006). "Late onset psychogenic nonepileptic attacks". Neurology. 66 (11): 1644–7. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000223320.94812.7a. PMID 16769934.
↑ Benbadis SR (1999). "How many patients with pseudoseizures receive antiepileptic drugs prior to diagnosis?". Eur. Neurol. 41 (2): 114–5. doi:10.1159/000008015. PMID 10023117.
↑ Benbadis SR, Lancman ME, King LM, Swanson SJ (July 1996). "Preictal pseudosleep: a new finding in psychogenic seizures". Neurology. 47 (1): 63–7. PMID 8710126.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Benbadis SR, Wolgamuth BR, Goren H, Brener S, Fouad-Tarazi F (November 1995). "Value of tongue biting in the diagnosis of seizures". Arch. Intern. Med. 155 (21): 2346–9. PMID 7487261.
↑ Davis BJ (2004). "Predicting nonepileptic seizures utilizing seizure frequency, EEG, and response to medication". Eur. Neurol. 51 (3): 153–6. doi:10.1159/000077287. PMID 15017116.