Scoliosis historical perspective
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Scoliosis historical perspective On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Scoliosis historical perspective |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Scoliosis historical perspective |
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- The word scoliosis is derived from the greek word meaning 'crooked'.
- In 5th century, Hippocrates described scoliosis for the first time.
- In 131-201 AD, Galen coined the terms scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis to describe spinal deformity.
- In 1510-1590, Ambrose Pare first described congenital scoliosis and appreciated spinal cord compression as a possible cause of paraplegia.
- In 1741, Nicholas Andre coined the word “orthopedia” meaning “straight child”. He emphasized that scoliosis was the result of muscle imbalance, a consequence of poor sitting posture.
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
- The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
- In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In 5th century, Hippocrates described distraction devices for treatment of scoliosis.
- In 131-201 AD, Galen advised various chest binders and jackets in an effort to control spinal curves.
- In 1510-1590, Ambrose Pare advocated the use of iron corsets fabricated by armorers, in addition to axial traction. He also recommended new breast plates to be made every 3 months for growing individuals.
- In 1741, Nicholas Andre Proper recommended construction and use of tables and chairs for students in preventing scoliosis. For the treatment of scoliosis, he endorsed periods of recumbence, as well as braces or corsets.
- In 1768, Francois LeVacher described the “Jurymast” brace, which allowed for axial distraction while the patient was upright. This was accomplished by a tight fitting cap suspended from a posterior bar arising from the back of the brace.
- In 1780, Jean-Andre Venel founded the first orthopedic hospital specializing in the treatment of skeletal deformities. In addition, to an orthopedic traction bed, Venel developed a brace which applied horizontal forces attempting to derotate the spine, as well as the extension forces.
- In 1839, Jules Guerin used percutaneous myotomies of the vertebral musculature in conjunction with bracing to correct the deformity.
- In 1889, Volkman attempted to resect rib deformities, the first known scoliosis surgery on bony structures.
- In 1890, Lewis Sayre popularized plaster of Paris casts that he applied to patients while they were standing in a vertical suspension device and attempted to correct both lateral and rotational deformities and held them with a cast.
- In 1902, Lange used steel rods and wire anchored to the spinous processes bilaterally in the treatment of tuberculosis kyphosis.
- In 1911, Albee described his technique of spinal fusion for Pott's disease of the spine using tibial autograft.
- In 1924, Hibbs reported his results on 59 cases of scoliosis that were treated with fusion. Hibbs’ method utilized preoperative traction jackets and/or head-pelvic traction to obtain correction and used cast immobilization for 6 to 12 months post-operatively to maintain correction.
- In 1931, Hibbs along with Risser and Ferguson suggested of the turnbuckle cast for preoperative correction and creation of a window in the back of the cast through which to operate, while maintaining correction.
- In 1941, Research Committee of the American Orthopedic Association found overall end results discouraging with 69% rated as fair or poor, while only 31% as good or excellent.
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
The following are a few famous cases of disease name: