Epilepsy medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
overview
Medical Therapy
Pharmacologic medical therapies for epilepsy is antiseizure drugs such as:
- Drugs that affect voltage-dependent Na+ channels
- Carbamazepin:
- Eslicarbazepin
- It can be used for treatment of focal-onset seizures in adult and children under 4 y/o.[3]
- The initial dosage is 400 mg/daily for adults. The maximum dosing is maintenance dose of 800 mg/daily.[4]
- The most common side effects of this drug are dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, headache, fatigue, vertigo, ataxia, diplopia, blurred vision, and tremor.[5]
- Lacosamide
- It can be used for treatment of focal-onset seizures in adult and children older than 4 y/o.[6]
- The initial dosage is 50 mg twice/daily as adjunctive therapy in adults and 100 mg twice per day as monotherapy . The maximum dosage is 200 to 400 mg per day. Children should be dosed according to body weight.[7]
- The most common side effects are Dizziness, nausea, vertigo, and ataxia.[8]
- Oxcarbazepine
- Phenytoin
- Rufinamide
- Drugs that affect Ca currents
- Ethosuximide
- Drugs that affect GABA activity
- Benzodiazepines
- Phenobarbital
- Tiagabine
- Vigabatrin
- Drugs that affect glutamate receptor
- Perampanel
- Drugs with multiple mechanisms of action
- Felbamate
- Topiramate
- Valporate
- Drugs with other mechanisms of action
- Brivaracetam
- Gabapentin
- Levetiracetam
- Pregabalin
References
- ↑ Hirsch LJ, Arif H, Nahm EA, Buchsbaum R, Resor SR, Bazil CW (November 2008). "Cross-sensitivity of skin rashes with antiepileptic drug use". Neurology. 71 (19): 1527–34. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000334295.50403.4c. PMID 18981374.
- ↑ Cereghino JJ, Brock JT, Van Meter JC, Penry JK, Smith LD, White BG (May 1974). "Carbamazepine for epilepsy. A controlled prospective evaluation". Neurology. 24 (5): 401–10. PMID 4207990.
- ↑ Chang XC, Yuan H, Wang Y, Xu HQ, Hong WK, Zheng RY (October 2017). "Eslicarbazepine acetate add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 10: CD008907. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008907.pub3. PMID 29067682.
- ↑ Almeida L, Minciu I, Nunes T, Butoianu N, Falcão A, Magureanu SA, Soares-da-Silva P (August 2008). "Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of eslicarbazepine acetate in children and adolescents with epilepsy". J Clin Pharmacol. 48 (8): 966–77. doi:10.1177/0091270008319706. PMID 18508949.
- ↑ Sperling MR, Abou-Khalil B, Harvey J, Rogin JB, Biraben A, Galimberti CA, Kowacs PA, Hong SB, Cheng H, Blum D, Nunes T, Soares-da-Silva P (February 2015). "Eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive therapy in patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures: Results of a phase III, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial". Epilepsia. 56 (2): 244–53. doi:10.1111/epi.12894. PMC 4354260. PMID 25528898.
- ↑ Perucca E, Yasothan U, Clincke G, Kirkpatrick P (December 2008). "Lacosamide". Nat Rev Drug Discov. 7 (12): 973–4. doi:10.1038/nrd2764. PMID 19043448.
- ↑ Ben-Menachem E, Biton V, Jatuzis D, Abou-Khalil B, Doty P, Rudd GD, Halász P, Kälviäinen R, Mazurkiewicz-Beldzińska M, Rosenow F, Doty P, Hebert D, Sullivan T (July 2007). "Efficacy and safety of oral lacosamide as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures". Epilepsia. 48 (7): 1308–17. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01188.x. PMID 17635557.
- ↑ Perucca E, Yasothan U, Clincke G, Kirkpatrick P (December 2008). "Lacosamide". Nat Rev Drug Discov. 7 (12): 973–4. doi:10.1038/nrd2764. PMID 19043448.