Pneumomediastinum causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jacquelyne DiTroia
Overview
Causes
Pneumomediastinum is most commonly caused by:
- Oesophageal rupture, for example in Boerhaave syndrome
- Asthma or other conditions leading to alveolar rupture
- Esophageal perforation
- Esophageal or bowel rupture
- Use of Breathing Machines
- Excess coughing, sneezing, vomiting
Pneumomediastinum has also been associated with:
It can be induced to assist thoracoscopic surgery.[3]
It can be caused by a pulmonary barotrauma resulting when a person moves to or from a higher pressure environment, such as when a Scuba diver[4][5], a free-diver[6] or an airplane passenger[7] ascends or descends.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | Inhalation of varnish fumes. |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. |
| Ear Nose Throat | Esophageal perforation , Oesophageal rupture, Boerhaave syndrome |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Interventions in the tracheobronchial tree or GI tract such as endoscopies, intubation/extubation, surgical intervention such as thyroidectomy, tracheostomy. |
| Infectious Disease | Tuberculosis, mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza pneumonia. |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | Dermatomyoscitis. |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Asthma , Pulmonary barotrauma , COPD. |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Blunt or penetrating truma to the chest or abdomen. |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | Tooth extraction. |
| Miscellaneous | Anorexia, Obesity Breathing Machines, ascend/descend injury during deep sea diving. |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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References
- ↑ Vázquez JL, Vázquez I, González ML, García-Tejedor JL, Repáraz A (2007). "Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax as presenting signs in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia". doi:10.1007/s00247-007-0611-1. PMID 17899058.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G (2007). "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity". doi:10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7. PMID 17909893.
- ↑ Utsumi T, Shiono H, Fukai I, Akashi A (2007). "Artificial pneumomediastinum facilitates thoracoscopic surgery in anterior mediastinum". Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. 6 (3): 411–2. doi:10.1510/icvts.2006.147355. PMID 17669882.
- ↑ Tetzlaff K, Reuter M (1998). "Recurrent pulmonary barotrauma (PBT) in a previously healthy male scuba diver who suffered from repeated pneumomediastinum after shallow-water scuba dives". Undersea Hyperb Med. 25 (2): 127–8. PMID 9670439. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- ↑ Dr. Richard Moon, Diver's Alert Network Vice President and Medical Director, http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=40
- ↑ Jacobson FL, Loring SH, Ferrigno M (2006). "Pneumomediastinum after lung packing". Undersea Hyperb Med. 33 (5): 313–6. PMID 17091828. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- ↑ Nicol E, Davies G, Jayakumar P, Green ND (2007). "Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum in a passenger on a commercial flight". Aviat Space Environ Med. 78 (4): 435–9. PMID 17484349. Retrieved 2008-06-05. Unknown parameter
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