Burkitt's lymphoma diagnostic study of choice

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Study of choice

[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:

• [Result 1]
• [Result 2]

OR

[Name of the investigation] must be performed when:

• The patient presents with [symptom/sign 1], [symptom/sign 2], and [symptom/sign 3].
• A [name of test] is positive for [sign 1], [sign 2], and [sign 3] in the patient.

OR

[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].

OR

There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].

OR

[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.

OR

Investigations:

• Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
• Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
• Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.

Staging

According to the Murphy staging system, there are four stages of Burkitt's lymphoma based on the number of nodes involved and the extra nodal spread.

Staging for Burkitt's lymphoma is provided in the following table:

Murphy staging system

Stage	Features
Stage I	Single nodal or extra nodal site involvement excluding mediastinum or abdomen
Stage II	Single extra nodal tumor with regional nodal involvement Two extra nodal tumors on one side of diaphragm Primary gastrointestinal tumor with or without associated mesenteric nodes Two or more nodal areas on one side of diaphragm
Stage IIR	Completely resected intra-abdominal disease
Stage III	Two single extra nodal tumors on opposite sides of diaphragm All primary intra thoracic tumors All paraspinal or epidural tumors All extensive primary intra-abdominal disease Two or more nodal areas on opposite sides of diaphragm
Stage IIIA	Localized, non-resectable abdominal disease
Stage IIIB	Widespread multi organ abdominal disease
Stage IV	Initial CNS or bone marrow involvement (< 25%)

Diagnostic results

The following finding(s) on performing [investigation name] is(are) confirmatory for [disease name]:

• [Finding 1]
• [Finding 2]

Sequence of Diagnostic Studies

The [name of investigation] must be performed when:

• The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
• A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.

OR

The various investigations must be performed in the following order:

• [Initial investigation]
• [2nd investigation]

Name of Diagnostic Criteria

It is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.

[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

[Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:

• Criteria 1
• Criteria 2
• Criteria 3

OR

IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

IF there are no established diagnostic criteria

There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].