Sandbox:Preeti

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Preeti Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Category Disease Etiology Mechanism Clinical manifestations Paraclinical findings Gold standard Associated findings
Lab findings Imaging
Demography History Symptoms Signs CBC PBS LFT PT/PTT Immunochemistry Histopathology Other
Inherited Acquired Constitutional symptoms Rash Abdominal pain Diarrhea V/S Mass LAP Hepatosplenomegaly Arthritis Other WBC Hb Plt
HL
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
NHL
B Cell Lymphoma Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
  • Precursor B-cell Lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
  • Reciprocal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21)
+ +
  • Painless swelling in the neck, axilla, groin, thorax and abdomen
  • Central and peripheral lymphadenopathy
+
Mantle cell lymphoma
  • Fatigue
  • Night sweats
  • Weight Loss
Abdominal distention
  • Palpable masses in skin, breast, and salivary glands
Generalized lymphadenopathy +
  • Extranodal involvement of GI tract, lungs, and CNS
  • Mental Retardation
  • Lymphocytosis > 4000/µL
Nl to ↓
  • CD5+
  • B-cell antigen positive
  • Overexpression of Cyclin D1
  • Germinal centers filled by small-to-medium atypical lymphocytes
  • Nodular appearance
Elevated LDH
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
  • 8q24/MYC translocations
  • Hypermutated immunoglobulin genes
  • Mutation of BCL6, MYC, PAX5, PIM1, RhoH /TTFn, TP53 genes
  • Translocations involving c-MYC, BCL6, and IgH gene.
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • weight loss
Nl to ↓

Centroblastic

Immunoblastic

  • > 90% immunoblasts
  • Trapezoid shaped large lymphoid cells with significant basophilic cytoplasm

Anaplastic

  • Very large cells with a round, oval, or polygonal shape that may resemble Reed-Sternberg cells
  • Hypergammaglobulinemia
Category Disease Etiology Inherited Acquired Demography History Constitutional symptoms Rash Abdominal pain Diarrhea V/S Mass LAP Hepatosplenomegaly Arthritis Other WBC Hb Plt PBS LFT PT/PTT Immunochemistry Histopathology Other lab findings Imaging Gold standard Associated findings
Burkitt lymphoma
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
  • Translocation of chromosome 8 myc locus such as:
    • t(8;14)
    • t(2;8)
    • t(8;22)
  • Round and small nucleoli
  • basophilic cytoplasm
  • "Starry-sky pattern"
B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
Marginal zone lymphoma Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
  • Clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin genes (heavy and light chains)
    • Deletion 7q21-32
    • Translocations of the CDK6 gene located on 7q21
  • Small lymphocytes
  • Transformed blasts
  • Epithelial histocytes
  • Plasmacytic differentiation of neoplastic cells
Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
  • Stimulation of antigen receptor by autoantigen and co-stimulatory molecule CD40
+
  • Hemorrhage
  • Dyspepsia
  • AE1/AE3
  • Expression of B-cell markers CD20, CD79a, CD10, CD23, and bcl-2
  • Follicular cells in reactive zone
  • Centrocyte like cells in marginal zone lymphoma

Chronic infectious conditions or autoimmune processes, such as

  • H pylori gastritis
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis
  • Sjögren syndrome
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia)
  • Mature B-cell Lymphoma
Hairy cell leukemia
  • Production of cytokines, such as TNF alpha and IL-2R, provide important stimuli for malignant B cells proliferation in hairy cell leukemia.
    • The p38-MAPK-JNK cascade
    • The MEK-ERK cascade
    • The Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT cascade
  • Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive
  • CBC
  • Small cells with "fried egg"-like appearance
  • Well-demarcated thread-like cytoplasmic extensions
  • Clear cytoplasm
  • Central round nucleus
  • Peri-nuclear clearing ("water-clear rim" appearance)
Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
  • Precursor T-cell Lymphomas
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
T cell lymphoma Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Mycosis fungoides / Sézary syndrome
  • Cutaneous manifestations
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma
Hepatosplenic gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma
Enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma
Extranodal T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified