Sandbox:Badria

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Badria Munir M.B.B.S.[2]

Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid disorders are divided into two major categories.

• Hyperthyroidism*
• Hypothyroidism*

Hyperthyroidism

The signs of hyperthyroidism are increased temperature.

Hypothyroidism

• cold intolerance*

Other signs include skin changes.Diff
Constipation Diagnosis can be made through laboratory findings

• TSH
  • thyroglobulin levels
    • total t3
      • free t4
• radio iodine test

1. antithyroid antibodies
   1. antithyroid peroxidase antibodies
2. TSH receptors antibodies

Radiological tests

Ultrasound

Radioiodine scanning

Biopsy

The Treatment therapy

Levothyroxine
Surgical Removal 

For Hyperthyroidism

Iodine Therapy Surgical removal Propothyrouracil Methimazole

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• 1. Bullet points
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       without Semicolon

       • Dell
       • A
       • B

• C

A	B
C	D

The cause of Protein C deficiency is gene mutation in long arm (q) of chromosome 2 at position 14.3. This mutation follows Autosomal Dominant Pattern of inheritance. However Homozygous cases present

Cytogenetic Location: 2q14.3, which is the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at position 14.3

Protein C deficiency affects men and women in equal numbers. The prevalence of the milder form is about 1 in 200-500 people.\The prevalence of severe protein C deficiency is about 1 in 500,000-750,000 people in the general population.

Activated protein C indirectly increases the profibrinolytic activity by activating to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)after binding to Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). The reduced thrombin generation causes decreased the activation of TAFI (thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor) hence resulting in enhanced profibrinolytic potential.