Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4, ZP-4 or avilesine, named after its discoverer Manuel Avilés Sánchez[1]is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP4gene.[2][3]
Function
The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The nascent protein contains a N-terminalsignal peptide sequence, a conserved zona pellucida-like domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies.
Previously, this gene has been referred to as ZP1 or ZPB and thought to have similar functions as mouse Zp1.[4] However, a human gene with higher similarity and chromosomal synteny to mouse Zp1 has been assigned the symbol ZP1 and this gene has been assigned the symbol ZP4.[3]
References
↑Avilés M, Moros C, García-Vázquez FA, Gimeno L, Torrecillas A, Aliaga C, Bernardo-Pisa MV, Ballesta J, Izquierdo-Rico MJ. (April 2015). "Four glycoproteins are expressed in the cat zona pellucida". Theriogenology. 83 (7): 1162–73. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.019. PMID25623231.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
↑Harris JD, Hibler DW, Fontenot GK, Hsu KT, Yurewicz EC, Sacco AG (Mar 1995). "Cloning and characterization of zona pellucida genes and cDNAs from a variety of mammalian species: the ZPA, ZPB and ZPC gene families". DNA Sequence. 4 (6): 361–93. doi:10.3109/10425179409010186. PMID7841460.
↑Conner SJ, Lefièvre L, Hughes DC, Barratt CL (May 2005). "Cracking the egg: increased complexity in the zona pellucida". Human Reproduction. 20 (5): 1148–52. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh835. PMID15760956.
Further reading
Rankin T, Dean J (May 2000). "The zona pellucida: using molecular genetics to study the mammalian egg coat". Reviews of Reproduction. 5 (2): 114–21. doi:10.1530/ror.0.0050114. PMID10864856.
Eberspaecher U, Becker A, Bringmann P, van der Merwe L, Donner P (Feb 2001). "Immunohistochemical localization of zona pellucida proteins ZPA, ZPB and ZPC in human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse ovaries". Cell and Tissue Research. 303 (2): 277–87. doi:10.1007/s004410000287. PMID11291774.
Kiefer SM, Saling P (Feb 2002). "Proteolytic processing of human zona pellucida proteins". Biology of Reproduction. 66 (2): 407–14. doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.2.407. PMID11804956.
Lefièvre L, Conner SJ, Salpekar A, Olufowobi O, Ashton P, Pavlovic B, Lenton W, Afnan M, Brewis IA, Monk M, Hughes DC, Barratt CL (Jul 2004). "Four zona pellucida glycoproteins are expressed in the human". Human Reproduction. 19 (7): 1580–6. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh301. PMID15142998.
Chakravarty S, Suraj K, Gupta SK (May 2005). "Baculovirus-expressed recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein-B induces acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated spermatozoa in addition to zona pellucida glycoprotein-C". Molecular Human Reproduction. 11 (5): 365–72. doi:10.1093/molehr/gah165. PMID15805145.
Furlong LI, Harris JD, Vazquez-Levin MH (Jun 2005). "Binding of recombinant human proacrosin/acrosin to zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins. I. Studies with recombinant human ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC". Fertility and Sterility. 83 (6): 1780–90. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.042. PMID15950651.
Caballero-Campo P, Chirinos M, Fan XJ, González-González ME, Galicia-Chavarría M, Larrea F, Gerton GL (Apr 2006). "Biological effects of recombinant human zona pellucida proteins on sperm function". Biology of Reproduction. 74 (4): 760–8. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.047522. PMID16407501.
