Urethral cancer historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Adenocarcinoma of the urethra in females, a rare malignancy was discovered as early as 1945. Case reports of primary urethral cancers in males have been reported as early as 1948.
Historical perspective
- In 1945, adenocarcinoma of the urethra was first discovered and described in females.[1]
- Later in 1948, carcinoma of urethra in males is disovered.[2]
- In 1962, a case of melanosarcoma of urethra is described.[3]
- A case of rhabdomyosarcoma in a 5 year old girl has been described in the year 2007.[4]
- Carcinoma insitu in bladder and urethra among renal transplant patient has been reported in the year 2008.[5]
Land mark events
- FDA approved the first chemotherapy drug "cisplatin" for treatment of bladder tumors in 1978 and the drug is also being used for the treatment of urethral cancers..
- FDA approved the use of live bacterium, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for treatment and prevent the recurrence of superficial tumors in 1990.[7]
- New chemotherapy combination regimen including gemcitabine with cisplatin is introduced as more effective with less side effects compare to MVAC therapy in 2000.[8]
- Photodynamic therapy is an innovative therapeutic modality in urologic malignancy. [9]
References
- ↑ Feltes Ochoa JA, Blanco Carballo O, Sánchez Angel T, Villacampa Aubá F, Conde Gallego E (September 2005). "[Adenocarcinoma of the female urethra: report of two cases and bibliography review]". Arch. Esp. Urol. (in Spanish; Castilian). 58 (7): 677–82. PMID 16294793.
- ↑ FEVES LJ, BROUN JR (February 1948). "Primary carcinoma of the male urethra; case report". Northwest Med. 47 (2): 122. PMID 18857371.
- ↑ SIGNORELLI H (April 1962). "[Primary tumors of the male urethra. (Apropos of a case of melanosarcoma of the urethra)]". Presse Med (in French). 70: 1038–40. PMID 13912737.
- ↑ Liu AX, Zhou JH, Jin HM, Zhu CK, Cheng XD (June 2007). "Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of urethra in a 5-year-old girl: case report and literature review". Urology. 69 (6): 1208.e17–9. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.03.022. PMID 17572220.
- ↑ Tillou X, Raynal G, Limani K, Saint F, Petit J (December 2008). "[Carcinoma in situ in bladder and urethra among renal transplanted patient: failure of BCG therapy]". Prog. Urol. (in French). 18 (13): 1097–9. doi:10.1016/j.purol.2008.08.002. PMID 19041819.
- ↑ SARGENT JW (1956). "Total urethrectomy for carcinoma of the female urethra". Postgrad Semin Am Urol Assoc North Cent: 79–83. PMID 13567645.
- ↑ Askeland EJ, Newton MR, O'Donnell MA, Luo Y (2012). "Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: BCG and Beyond". Adv Urol. 2012: 181987. doi:10.1155/2012/181987. PMC 3388311. PMID 22778725.
- ↑ Als AB, Sengelov L, Von Der Maase H (2008). "Gemcitabine and cisplatin in locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer; 3- or 4-week schedule?". Acta Oncol. 47 (1): 110–9. doi:10.1080/02841860701499382. PMID 17851853.
- ↑ Colin P, Estevez JP, Betrouni N, Nevoux P, Puech P, Leroy X, Biserte J, Villers A, Mordon S (July 2011). "[Photodynamic therapy and urothelial carcinoma]". Bull Cancer (in French). 98 (7): 769–78. doi:10.1684/bdc.2011.1389. PMID 21708516.