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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Muhammad Affan M.D.[2]

Surface oral lesions
White lesions Symptoms characterestic features Associated conditions Location Image
  • Leukoedema
  • Asymptomatic
  • White or whitish grey edematous lesion
  • Diffuse or patchy
  • Variant of normal oral mucosa
  • Buccal and labial oral mucosa
  • Fordyce granules
  • Asymptomatic
  • Symmetrically distributed
  • White or yellow discrete papules
  • Variant of normal oral mucosa
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Vermillion border of the lips
  • Benign migratoy glossitis
  • Usually asymptomatic
  • Mild symptoms or mild discomfort, burning
  • Red patches with white distinct border
  • Map like appearance
  • Psoriasis
  • Diabetes
  • Reiter's syndrome
  • Medications such as Oral contraceptive pills and lithium carbonate
  • Dorsal/Lateral surface of the tongue
  • Hairy tongue
  • Mostly asymptomatic
  • Nausea, altered taste
  • Burning, tickling sensation
  • Elongated filliform lingual papillae
  • Carpet like appearance
  • Xerostomia
  • Medications such as anti-psychotics
  • HIV
  • Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
  • Dorsum of the tongue
  • Hairy leukoplakia
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Lateral surface of the tongue
  • Floor of the mouth
  • Palate
  • White sponge nevus
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Lichen Planus
  • Posterior buccal mucosa
  • Gingival margin
  • Frictional hyperkeratosis
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Limited to line of dental occlusion
  • Oral submucous fibrosis
  • Leukoplakia
  • Erythroplakia
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
Pigmented lesions Symptoms Characterestic features Associated conditions Location Image
  • Physiologic pigmentation
  • Ephelis
  • Oral melanocytic macule
  • Melanocytic nevus
  • Oral melanoacanthoma
  • Smoker's melanosis
  • Melanoma
  • Kaposi sarcoma
  • Addison's disease
  • Peutz jeghers syndrome
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
  • Medication induced pigmentation
  • Amalgam tattoo
Vesicular/Ulcerative oral lesions Symptoms characterestic features Associated conditions Location Image
Infections
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Varicella zoster
  • Herpangina
  • Hand foot mouth disease
  • Infectious mononucleiosis
  • Rubeola
  • Syphilis
  • Candidiosis
Autoimmune conditions
  • Oral erosive lichen planus
  • Systemic lupus erythemtosus
  • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Mucous memebrane pemphigoid
  • Pemphigous vulgaris
  • Paraneoplastic pemphigous
  • Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Idiopathic conditions Aphthous ulcer
Contact stomatitis
Medication induced mucositis
Torus
Mucocele
Soft tissue oral lesions
Reactive lesions Symptoms Characterstic features Associated conditions Location Image
  • Leukoedema
  • Fordyce granules
  • Hairy tongue
  • Hairy leukoplakia
  • White sponge nevus
  • Lichen planus
  • Focal keratosis
Tumors etiology location Clinical appearance Gold standard/Diagnosis Image
Benign tumors
  • Epithelial tumors
  • Mesenchymal tumors
  • Salivary gland tumors
Malignant tumors
Cysts
  • Gingival cyst
  • Lymphoepithelial cyst
  • Epidermoid cyst
  • Thyroglossal tract cyst
  • Nasolabial cyst

References