Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]
Overview
Causes
The causality of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia based on the subtypes is as follows:
Hydatidiform mole
- Complete mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype.[1][2]
- Partial moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms.[3][4][5]
Choriocarcinoma
- Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma.[6]
- Gestational type arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion.[7]
- Non-gestational type arises from pluripotent germ cells.[7]
Placental-site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT)
- It arises from the placental implantation site when the trophoblastic cells infiltrate the myometrium.[8]
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT)
References
- ↑ Yamashita, Kohki; Ishikawa, Mutsuo; Shimizu, Tetsuya; Kuroda, Makoto (1981). "HLA antigens in husband-wife pairs with trophoblastic tumor". Gynecologic Oncology. 12 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(81)90096-2. ISSN 0090-8258.
- ↑ Fisher RA, Newlands ES (January 1998). "Gestational trophoblastic disease. Molecular and genetic studies". J Reprod Med. 43 (1): 87–97. PMID 9475155.
- ↑ Szulman, A.E.; Surti, Urvashi (1978). "The syndromes of hydatidiform mole". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 131 (6): 665–671. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90829-3. ISSN 0002-9378.
- ↑ Lawler, Sylvia D.; Fisher, Rosemary A.; Dent, Joan (1991). "A prospective genetic study of complete and partial hydatidiform moles". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 164 (5): 1270–1277. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90698-Q. ISSN 0002-9378.
- ↑ Lage JM, Mark SD, Roberts DJ, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR, Berkowitz RS (March 1992). "A flow cytometric study of 137 fresh hydropic placentas: correlation between types of hydatidiform moles and nuclear DNA ploidy". Obstet Gynecol. 79 (3): 403–10. PMID 1371185.
- ↑ Lurain JR (December 2010). "Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 203 (6): 531–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.073. PMID 20728069.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Stockton L, Green E, Kaur B, De Winton E (2018). "Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Widespread Metastases Presenting with Type 1 Respiratory Failure in a 39-Year-Old Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Rep Oncol. 11 (1): 151–158. doi:10.1159/000486639. PMC 5903105. PMID 29681814.
- ↑ https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic