Appendix cancer echocardiography and ultrasound
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of appendix tumors, appendix mucocele, and appendicitis as the most prevalent complication of appendiceal cancers. There are no echocardiography findings associated with appendix cancer. However, an echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of carcinoid tumor. If a patient develop carcinoid syndrome, transthoracic echocardiography is the method of choice in the diagnosis and follow-up of carcinoid heart disease.
Ultrasound
- There are no specific ultrasound findings associated with appendix cancer.
- Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of appendix mucucele, and acute appendicitis as the most prevalent complication of appendiceal cancers.
- The following might be presented in ultrasonographic study of the patients with appendiceal cancer:[1][2][3]
- Dilated appendix
- Peri-appendiceal fluid collection
- Distinct appendix wall layers
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Echocardiography
- There are no echocardiography findings associated with appendix cancer.
- However, an echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of carcinoid tumor.
- If a patient develop carcinoid syndrome, transthoracic echocardiography is the method of choice in the diagnosis and follow-up of carcinoid heart disease.[4]
- Findings on an echocardiography suggestive of carcinoid heart disease include:
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets
- Immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps
- Right atrium as well as right ventricle enlargement
References
- ↑ Pinto F, Pinto A, Russo A, Coppolino F, Bracale R, Fonio P, Macarini L, Giganti M (2013). "Accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adult patients: review of the literature". Crit Ultrasound J. 5 Suppl 1: S2. doi:10.1186/2036-7902-5-S1-S2. PMC 3711731. PMID 23902717.
- ↑ Mostbeck G, Adam EJ, Nielsen MB, Claudon M, Clevert D, Nicolau C, Nyhsen C, Owens CM (2016). "How to diagnose acute appendicitis: ultrasound first". Insights Imaging. 7 (2): 255–63. doi:10.1007/s13244-016-0469-6. PMC 4805616. PMID 26883138.
- ↑ Hussain S, Rahman A, Abbasi T, Aziz T (2014). "Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in acute appendicitis". J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 26 (1): 12–7. PMID 25358207.
- ↑ Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK (April 1993). "Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients". Circulation. 87 (4): 1188–96. PMID 7681733.