Hepatopulmonary syndrome laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]

Overview

An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal for patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.

OR

Some patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Laboratory Findings

Atrial blood gas analysis (ABG) is used both for diagnosis and evaluating the degree (severity) of the HPS as follows:

• Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient >/= 15 mmHg in room air : The most sensitive measurement of ABG for HPS diagnosis
• Partial pressure of oxygen < 80 mmHg : generally present in sever HPS, late diagnostic finding
• Degree of severity:
• HPS can be classified in term of severity based on atrial blood gas analysis, as follows:
  • Mild: Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient above, or equal to 15mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen  80mmHg.
  • Moderate: Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient 15mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen  60 up to 80mmHg.
  • Severe: Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient  15mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen  50 up to 60mmHg.
  • Very severe: Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient 15mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen below 50 mmHg (< 300mmHg while the patient is breathing 100% oxygen).

An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

OR

[Test] is usually normal among patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome.

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome include:

• [Abnormal test 1]
• [Abnormal test 2]
• [Abnormal test 3]

OR

Some patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].