Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology

Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Xray
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology
CDC on Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology
Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology in the news
Blogs on Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology
Risk calculators and risk factors for Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2] Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [3]

Overview

Extra nodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, can develop in either T cells or natural killer cells, but most often in the NK cells. Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte that is closely related to T cells and attack foreign cells. On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium-sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.

Pathophysiology

Physiology

• NK cells are CD3 and myloperoxidase negative on their surface.
• NK cells have germline configuration of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes.
• NK cells originate from a bipotent NK/T-progenitor cell so they have a lot in common with T cells.

Immunotype

• The immunophenotype of NK lymphoma cells is classically positive for CD2, CD56, and cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon.
• They are negative for surface CD3. Unlike normal NK cells, the tumor cells are usually negative for CD7 and CD16.
• They express cytotoxic granule associated proteins granzyme B, T-cell restricted intracellular antigen (TIA-1), and perforin.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
• Coagulative necrosis and apoptotic bodies are frequently encountered.

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
• The tumor cells are small to medium in size with occasional large and anaplastic forms.
• The lymphoma cells may be admixed with a polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells including small lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and eosinophils.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources