Pericarditis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hardik Patel, M.D. Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pericarditis may be classified according to duration of the disease and recurrence into acute, Incessant, recurrent and chronic. Moreover, pericarditis can be classified based on the etiology in two groups of infectious and non-infectious causes.
Classification
- Pericarditis may be classified according to duration of the disease and recurrence into four groups:[1][2][3][4]
| Pericarditis classification based on duration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acute: New-onset disease which lasts < 4-6 weeks | Incessant: Pericarditis lasting for >4–6 weeks but <3 months without remission | Recurrent: Recurrence after the first episode of acute pericarditis 4–6 weeks or longer interval | Chronic: Pericarditis lasts for >3 months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Moreover, pericarditis can be classified based on the etiology in two groups:[1][2][3][5]
- Infectious:
- Non-infectious:
- Autoimmune
- Neoplastic
- Metabolic
- Traumatic and iatrogenic
- Drug-related
| Pericarditis classification based on etiology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Infectious causes | Non-infectious causes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Viral:
Enteroviruses(coxsackieviruses, echoviruses) Herpes viruses(EBV, CMV, HHV-6) Adenoviruses Parvovirus B19 | Bacterial:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coxiella burnetii Borrelia burgdorferi | Fungal:
Histoplasma species Aspergillus species Blastomyces species Candida species | Parasitic:
Echinococcus species Toxoplasma species | Autoimmune:
Systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases Systemic vasculitides Sarcoidosis Familial Mediterranean fever IBD Still disease | Neoplastic:
Primary tumours (pericardial mesothelioma) secondary metastatic tumors( lung and breast cancer, lymphoma) | Metabolic:
Uraemia Myxoedema Anorexia nervosa | Traumatic and Iatrogenic | Drug-related | Others:
Amyloidosis Aortic dissection Pulmonary arterial Hypertension Chronic heart failure Congenital absence of the pericardium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Imazio, Massimo (2012). "Contemporary management of pericardial diseases". Current Opinion in Cardiology. 27 (3): 308–317. doi:10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283524fbe. ISSN 0268-4705.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Imazio, Massimo; Spodick, David H.; Brucato, Antonio; Trinchero, Rita; Adler, Yehuda (2010). "Controversial Issues in the Management of Pericardial Diseases". Circulation. 121 (7): 916–928. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.844753. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Imazio, Massimo; Brucato, Antonio; DeRosa, Francesco Giuseppe; Lestuzzi, Chiara; Bombana, Enrico; Scipione, Federica; Leuzzi, Stefano; Cecchi, Enrico; Trinchero, Rita; Adler, Yehuda (2009). "Aetiological diagnosis in acute and recurrent pericarditis: when and how". Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 10 (3): 217–230. doi:10.2459/JCM.0b013e328322f9b1. ISSN 1558-2027.
- ↑ Imazio, Massimo; Belli, Riccardo; Brucato, Antonio; Cemin, Roberto; Ferrua, Stefania; Beqaraj, Federico; Demarie, Daniela; Ferro, Silvia; Forno, Davide; Maestroni, Silvia; Cumetti, Davide; Varbella, Ferdinando; Trinchero, Rita; Spodick, David H; Adler, Yehuda (2014). "Efficacy and safety of colchicine for treatment of multiple recurrences of pericarditis (CORP-2): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial". The Lancet. 383 (9936): 2232–2237. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62709-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Sliwa, Karen; Mocumbi, Ana Olga (2009). "Forgotten cardiovascular diseases in Africa". Clinical Research in Cardiology. 99 (2): 65–74. doi:10.1007/s00392-009-0094-1. ISSN 1861-0684.