Third degree AV block historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
In 1894, Dr Engelman was the first to describe in detail the phenomenon of AV interval lengthening. In 1899, Karel Frederik published a paper on irregular pulses describing impairment of AV conduction and blockage. 1906 Einthiven was the first to present a presentation of normal and abnormal electrocardigirams recorded with string galvanometer. Dr Ashmar in 1925 studied and described in detail this blocked impulses and their impact on the conduction in the muscle of the heart. In 1952 Dr Paul Zoll developed first temporary trans-cutaneous pacing.
Historical Perspective
- 1895: Willem Einthoven (1860 –1927) : invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- 1894: Dr. Engelmann described a phenomenon of AV interval lengthening. Dr. Engelmann described a stimulus that is applied to the atrium followed by elongation of the AV interval.[1]
- 1899: Karel Frederik Wenckebach publishes a paper "On the analysis of irregular pulses" describing impairment of AV conduction leading to progressive lengthening and blockage of AV conduction in frogs. This will later be called Wenckebach block (Mobitz type I) or Wenckebach phenomenon.
- 1906: Einthoven: The first organised presentation of normal and abnormal electrocardiograms recorded with a string galvanometer. Left and right ventricular hypertrophy, left and right atrial hypertrophy, the U wave (for the first time), notching of the QRS, ventricular premature beats, ventricular bigeminy, atrial flutter and complete heart block are all described. Einthoven W. Le telecardiogramme. Arch Int de Physiol 1906;4:132-164 (translated into English. Am Heart J 1957;53:602-615)
- 1925: Dr. Ashmar further studied this blocked impulses and their impact on the conduction in the muscle of the heart. He stated the early blocked beats that follow a normal impulses have less effect on the conduction system.
- 1930: Sanders first describes infarction of the right ventricle. Sanders, A.O. Coronary thrombosis with complete heart block and relative ventricular tachycardia: a case report, American Heart Journal 1930;6:820-823.
- 1949: First Holter monitor: Norman Jeff Holter develops a 75 pound backpack that can record the ECG of the wearer and transmit the signal. His system, the Holter Monitor, is later greatly reduced in size, combined with tape / digital recording and used to record ambulatory ECGs. Holter NJ, Generelli JA. Remote recording of physiologic data by radio. Rocky Mountain Med J. 1949;747-751.
Discovery
- 1906: Einthoven: The first organised presentation of normal and abnormal electrocardiograms recorded with a string galvanometer. Left and right ventricular hypertrophy, left and right atrial hypertrophy, the U wave (for the first time), notching of the QRS, ventricular premature beats, ventricular bigeminy, atrial flutter and complete heart block are all described in his revolutionary publication. Einthoven W. Le telecardiogramme. Arch Int de Physiol 1906;4:132-164 (translated into English. Am Heart J 1957;53:602-615)
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- Paul Zoll - 1952: First temporary transcutaneous cardiac pacing.
- Seymour Furman -1958: temporary endocardial approach
- Åke Senningm and Elmqvist -1958: The First Implantable Pacemakers. He was a thoracic surgeon at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, implanted myocardial electrodes and a pulse generator with a rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery in a 40-year-old patient.[2]
References
- ↑ LANGENDORF R (1948). "Concealed A-V conduction; the effect of blocked impulses on the formation and conduction of subsequent impulses". Am Heart J. 35 (4): 542–52. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(48)90641-3. PMID 18907667.
- ↑ van Hemel NM, van der Wall EE (2008). "8 October 1958, D Day for the implantable pacemaker". Neth Heart J. 16 (Suppl 1): S3–4. PMC 2572009. PMID 18958267.