Sandbox:Asra
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Ewing's sarcoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Sandbox:Asra On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [3];Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S., Asra Firdous, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common malignant bone neoplasm commonly affecting children and adolescents. It usually affects patients in the second decade of life with a peak incidence around 15 years of age. It comprises 3% of all malignancies in pediatric patients and about 10-15% of childhood bone cancers. The overall incidence of Ewing's sarcoma is approximately estimated at 2.9 cases per million population in the U.S. Ewing's sarcoma is more common in males than females. It is more prevalent in whites than Africans.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Ewing's Sarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents.
- 10-15% of childhood bone cancers are Ewing's Sarcoma.
- Ewing's Sarcoma constitutes about 4% of pediatric cancers.
- 200-250 new cases of Ewing's sarcoma are reported each year in the United States.
- Nearly, 60% of the Ewing Sarcoma cases have long-term disease-free survival.
Incidence
- The incidence of Ewing's sarcoma has remained unchanged for 30 years.[1]
- In the United States, the overall incidence of Ewing's sarcoma is 1 cases per million individuals.
- During 1973-2004, the average annual incidence of Ewing's Sarcoma was estimated to be 2.9 cases per million population in the United States.
- The incidence of Ewing's Sarcoma, in the United States, is estimated to be 200-250 cases annually.
Mortality/Morbidity
The overall 5-year survival rate for patients with Ewing's Sarcoma is approximately 70% in primary lesions and 30% in metastatic disease.
Race
- Ewing's Sarcoma is more prevalent in Caucasians than Asians or Hispanics.
- African Americans and Africans are less likely to develop Ewing's Sarcoma.
- The incidence in the Caucasians is 1.5 cases per million population.
- The incidence in the Asians is 0.8 cases per million population.
- The incidence in Africans is 0.2 cases per million population.
Age
- Ewing's Sarcoma commonly affects children and adolescents between 10 and 20 years of age.
- The median age at diagnosis is 15 years
- In patients younger than 5 years, diagnosed in about 0.6 cases per million population.
- In patients aged 10-14 years, diagnosed in about more than 5 cases per million population.
Gender
- Males are more commonly affected than females. The male to female ratio is around 3:2.
Reference
Anemia of Prematurity Symptoms
The majority of patients with Anemia of Prematurity are asymptomatic. In premature infants with severe disease, symptoms are usually vague or non-specific.
- Common symptoms of Anemia of Prematurity include
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Decreased activity or lethargy
- Difficulty feeding
- Pallor
- Less common symptoms of Anemia of Prematurity include
- Poor weight gain despite adequate calorie intake
- Breathing difficulties
- Metabolic acidosis due to increased lactic acid production from anaerobic metabolism in the cells
- Heart murmurs
- ↑ Ewing's sarcoma. National cancer institute.http://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/hp/ewing-treatment-pdq#section/_1