Hepatic encephalopathy other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ;Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Psychometric testing may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy.
- The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) may help[4][5][6] including a simplified version (SPHES)[6]. The SPHES drops the trail making tests and so includes:
- Digit symbol test (DST)
- Serial dotting test (SDT)
- Line tracing test (LTT)
- The inhibitory control test (ICT) may be a faster way to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy than standard psychometric tests (average administration time of 15 minutes versus 37 minutes).[7]
- The Mini-Mental State Examination has been tested and may[8][9] or may not[10] help diagnose encephalopathy.
References
- ↑ Weissenborn K, Rückert N, Hecker H, Manns MP (1998). "The number connection tests A and B: interindividual variability and use for the assessment of early hepatic encephalopathy". J Hepatol. 28 (4): 646–53. PMID 9566834.
- ↑ Amodio P, Del Piccolo F, Marchetti P, Angeli P, Iemmolo R, Caregaro L; et al. (1999). "Clinical features and survivial of cirrhotic patients with subclinical cognitive alterations detected by the number connection test and computerized psychometric tests". Hepatology. 29 (6): 1662–7. doi:10.1002/hep.510290619. PMID 10347105.
- ↑ Conn HO (1977). "Trailmaking and number-connection tests in the assessment of mental state in portal systemic encephalopathy". Am J Dig Dis. 22 (6): 541–50. PMID 868833.
- ↑ Montagnese S, Balistreri E, Schiff S, De Rui M, Angeli P, Zanus G; et al. (2014). "Covert hepatic encephalopathy: agreement and predictive validity of different indices". World J Gastroenterol. 20 (42): 15756–62. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15756. PMC 4229541. PMID 25400460.
- ↑ Weissenborn K, Ennen JC, Schomerus H, Rückert N, Hecker H (2001). "Neuropsychological characterization of hepatic encephalopathy". J Hepatol. 34 (5): 768–73. PMID 11434627.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Riggio O, Ridola L, Pasquale C, Pentassuglio I, Nardelli S, Moscucci F; et al. (2011). "A simplified psychometric evaluation for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 9 (7): 613–6.e1. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.017. PMID 21440091.
- ↑ Bajaj JS, Saeian K, Verber MD; et al. (2007). "Inhibitory control test is a simple method to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy and predict development of overt hepatic encephalopathy". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (4): 754–60. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01048.x. PMID 17222319.
- ↑ Corrias M, Turco M, Rui MD, Gatta A, Angeli P, Merkel C; et al. (2014). "Covert hepatic encephalopathy: does the mini-mental state examination help?". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 4 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.12.005. PMC 4116703. PMID 25755545.
- ↑ Torres DS, Abrantes J, Brandão-Mello CE (2013). "Cognitive assessment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Brazil". Metab Brain Dis. 28 (3): 473–83. doi:10.1007/s11011-013-9405-3. PMC 3734603. PMID 23625323.
- ↑ Koziarska D, Wunsch E, Milkiewicz M, Wójcicki M, Nowacki P, Milkiewicz P (2013). "Mini-Mental State Examination in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and liver cirrhosis: a prospective, quantified electroencephalography study". BMC Gastroenterol. 13: 107. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-13-107. PMC 3716589. PMID 23815160.