Cluster headache history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabeeh Islam, MBBS[2] Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Cluster headache sufferers typically experience very severe headaches of a piercing quality near one eye or temple that last for fifteen minutes to three hours with some lasting days (rarely more than three days). The headaches are typically unilateral and rarely change sides during the same cycle (see episodic). Cluster headaches have a characteristic circadian periodicity and usually present with autonomic symptoms.
History and symptoms
Pain
- Persons who have experienced both cluster headaches and other painful conditions (childbirth, migraines) report that the pain of cluster headaches is far worse, significantly more severe than a migraine.[1]
- The pain has been described as akin to having an ice pick piercing the eye slowly but in a constant manner.
- Acid being poured in the head through a hole in the ear may be a better description.[2] A hot poker inserted in the eye, although gruesome, may well be the best description.[3]
- It has been described in medical journals as one of the most severe pain syndromes suffered by human beings.[4]
Other Symptoms
A person experiencing a cluster headache may find problems sitting still and may pace or even become severely agitated. Cluster headaches are frequently associated with:[5][6][7]
- Horner's syndrome:[8] ptosis (drooping eyelids), conjunctival injection (which results in red, watery eyes), lacrimation (tearing), miosis (constricted pupil), eyelid edema, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea (runny nose), and sweating on the affected side of the face.
- The neck is often stiff or tender in association with cluster headaches afterwards, and jaw and teeth pain are sometimes reported.
- Photophobia (sensitivity to light) is more typical of a migraine, as is vomiting, but both can be present in some sufferers of cluster headache, although rare.
Cyclical Recurrence, Circadian Periodicity and Regular Timing
- Cluster headaches are occasionally referred to as "alarm clock headaches", because of the regularity of its timing and its ability to wake a person from sleep.
- Thus it has been known to strike at the same time each night or at a certain period after falling asleep, or at precisely the same time during the day a week later.
Episodic or Chronic
- In episodic cluster headache, these attacks occur once or more daily, often at the same times each day, for a period of several weeks, followed by a headache-free period lasting weeks, months, or years.[9]
- Usually more common, 70-80% population
- Characterized by periods of attacks (clusters or bouts) and periods of remission.
- Chronic headaches involve multiple headaches every day for years.[10]
- Lacks remissions and is diagnosed after a year without remission, or if remission has lasted less than three months
- It may arise as
- De novo (primary chronic cluster headache) or
- Evolve from the episodic type (secondary chronic cluster headache).
References
- ↑ Charlotte E. Grayson and The Cleveland Clinic Neuroscience Center (October 2004). "Cluster Headaches". WebMD. Retrieved 2006-09-22.
- ↑ Brian D. Loftus (2005). "Cluster Headache and Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania Overview". Retrieved 2006-09-22.
- ↑ Goldstein, Michael. "Cluster Headache". New Atlantean Press. 1999.
- ↑ Arne May, Anish Bahra, Christian Büchel, Richard S J Frackowiak, Peter J Goadsby; University Department of Clinical Neurology (May, Bahra, Goadsby), and Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology (Büchel, Frackowiak), Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London UK (1998 July 25;352(9124):275-8). "Hypothalamic activation in cluster headache attacks". The Lancet. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Drummond PD (October 1994). "Sweating and vascular responses in the face: normal regulation and dysfunction in migraine, cluster headache and harlequin syndrome". Clin. Auton. Res. 4 (5): 273–85. doi:10.1007/BF01827433. PMID 7888747.
- ↑ Drummond PD (June 2006). "Mechanisms of autonomic disturbance in the face during and between attacks of cluster headache". Cephalalgia. 26 (6): 633–41. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01106.x. PMID 16686902.
- ↑ Ekbom K (August 1990). "Evaluation of clinical criteria for cluster headache with special reference to the classification of the International Headache Society". Cephalalgia. 10 (4): 195–7. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1990.1004195.x. PMID 2245469.
- ↑ Graff JM, Lee AG (February 21, 2005). "Horner's Syndrome (due to Cluster Headache): 46 y.o. man presenting with headache and ptosis". Ophthalmology Grand Rounds. The University of Iowa. Retrieved 2006-09-22.
- ↑ May A (2005). "Cluster headache: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management". Lancet. 366 (9488): 843–55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67217-0. PMID 16139660.
- ↑ "Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition". Cephalalgia. 38 (1): 1–211. January 2018. doi:10.1177/0333102417738202. PMID 29368949.