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| Acute cerebellitis
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More common in children and young adults
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- Normal or abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at onset
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- Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A and B, mumps, varicella-zoster virus, coxsackie virus, rotavirus, echovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and immunization
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| Bacterial infection
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- Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes
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| Acquired immunodeficiency syndromes
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- Related to M. pneumonia, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and toxoplasmosis
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| Chronic alcohol use/Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
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- Toxic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems
- Direct toxic alcoholic effect on the Purkinje cells
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Rapid progression (weeks or months)
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- Severe ataxia of gait and lower limbs with relatively mild involvement of the upper limbs.
- Speech and ocular motility are usually preserved
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| Antibiotic-induced acute ataxia
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- Interaction of polymyxins with neurons has been associated with the occurrence of several neurotoxic events
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Weeks after initiation
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- Brain MRI abnormalities
- Characteristic reversible MRI signal abnormalities in the cerebellar dentate nuclei, dorsal brainstem, or splenium of the corpus callosum
- Non-specific EEG abnormalities
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- Ataxia may also occur in isolation or combined with dizziness, generalized muscle weakness, partial deafness, visual disturbances, vertigo, confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and neuromuscular blockade
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| Para-neoplastic syndrome
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| Vitamin deficiency
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| Chronic infections
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| Neurodegenerative diseases
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| Brain tumors
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| Stroke
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| Vestibular neuritis
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| Sjögren syndrome
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