Dizziness differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Dizziness is a common but vague symptom. A wide variety of symptoms are often referred to as dizziness, these symptoms include vertigo, presyncope and disequilibrium. Dizziness should also be differentiated from psychogenic dizziness.
Differentiating Dizziness From Other Symptoms
Dizziness must be differentiated from vertigo, presyncope, and disequilibrium[1][2][3][4][5].
| Symptom | Definition | Synonyms and Key Words | Coexistent Symptoms |
| Vertigo | Vertigo is a transient and episodic perception of false sensation of motion characterized by a spinning sensation of either the surrounding environment or self-motion. | Disorientation Moving Spinning Swaying Tilting Vague dizziness Whirling |
Diaphoresis Imbalance Nausea Pallor Tachycardia Vomiting |
| Presyncope | Presyncope is a state of lightheadedness,[6] muscular weakness, and feeling faint. | Faintness Generalized weakness Lightheadedness Near blackout Near fainting Near syncope |
Blurring of vision Diaphoresis Feeling of warmth Nausea Pallor Palpitations Paresthesia |
| Disequilibrium | Disequilibrium is a continuous rather than an episodic symptom characterized by an impaired sense or absence of balance that primarily occurs during standing or walking. | Bad balance Chronic dizziness Imbalance Instability Loss of balance Off balance Unsteadiness |
Gait abnormality Muscle weakness Numbness Movement incoordination Nystagmus Visual impairment |
Differentiating Dizziness From Psychogenic Dizziness
- Psychogenic dizziness is not a true dizziness. It is associated with psychiatric symptoms that precede its onset. It occurs in anxious or phobic individuals and do not include any specific symptoms and it can be replicated by hyperventilation.
- Synonyms used to describe psychogenic dizziness include:
References
- ↑ Bisdorff A, Von Brevern M, Lempert T, Newman-Toker DE (2009). "Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders". J Vestib Res. 19 (1–2): 1–13. doi:10.3233/VES-2009-0343. PMID 19893191.
- ↑ Drachman DA, Hart CW (1972). "An approach to the dizzy patient". Neurology. 22 (4): 323–34. doi:10.1212/wnl.22.4.323. PMID 4401538.
- ↑ Newman-Toker DE, Cannon LM, Stofferahn ME, Rothman RE, Hsieh YH, Zee DS (2007). "Imprecision in patient reports of dizziness symptom quality: a cross-sectional study conducted in an acute care setting". Mayo Clin Proc. 82 (11): 1329–40. doi:10.4065/82.11.1329. PMID 17976352.
- ↑ Tarnutzer AA, Berkowitz AL, Robinson KA, Hsieh YH, Newman-Toker DE (2011). "Does my dizzy patient have a stroke? A systematic review of bedside diagnosis in acute vestibular syndrome". CMAJ. 183 (9): E571–92. doi:10.1503/cmaj.100174. PMC 3114934. PMID 21576300.
- ↑ Kerber KA, Newman-Toker DE (2015). "Misdiagnosing Dizzy Patients: Common Pitfalls in Clinical Practice". Neurol Clin. 33 (3): 565–75, viii. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.009. PMID 26231272.
- ↑ Reeves, Alexander G. "Chapter 14: Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient". Disorders of the nervous system: a primer. Dartmouth Medical School. Retrieved 2012-01-06. Unknown parameter
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