Dyspareunia classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
It may be classified into two types in women: superficial, which occurs in or around the vaginal entrance, and is characterized by initial discomfort in initial or attempted penetration of the vaginal introitus. Deep dyspareunia is a pain that occurs with deep vaginal penetration. which resulting from pelvic thrusting during intercourse. It may be classified into primary or secondary dyspareunia, based on the onset. Primary (onset with first sexual experience) often has psychological causes, such as sexual abuse in childhood, feeling of guilt or shame toward sex, or fear of intercourse or painful first intercourse, and secondary dyspareunia that its beginning is after a previous sexual activity that was not painful. Dyspareunia can be Persistent, which occurs in all situations, possibly due to physical or psychological factors, or conditional dyspareunia that occurs in certain situations. Abdomino-pelvic disorders such as endometriosis, imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, or organic vulvodynia due to infection, lichen sclerosis, or vestibulitis, vaginal infections, prolapse, trauma, or vaginal dryness can cause dyspareunia. It can also be due to gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic constipation, diverticular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease/proctitis,scarring due to previous pelvic surgery, episiotomy, and perineorraphy, or urological causes such as cystitis, interstitial cystitis, or urethritis. Male dyspareunia is divided into broad categories of underlying causes ranging from anatomic anomalies to psychosocial problems. Male dyspareunia is related to the following anatomical structures: 1) prepuce, 2) glans penis, 3) penile shaft, 4) testicles, and 5) urethra and prostate gland. Another classification system defines four broad categories: Isolated painful ejaculation, Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain, Medical causes, psychological causes.
Dyspareunia classifctaion
Dyspareunia in female
- Dyspareunia and vaginismus have been grouped as genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder in DSM-5. This is defined as persistent or recurrent difficulty in vaginal penetration, marked pelvic or vulvovaginal pain during or while attempting penetration, fear or anxiety about pain before, during, or after penetration, and tightening or tensing of the pelvic floor muscles when penetration is attempted.[1]
Dyspareunia may be classified into 2 type: superficial and deep based on its location:
- Superficial, which occurs in or around the vaginal entrance, and is characterized by initial discomfort in initial or attempted penetration of the vaginal introitus. Commonly found in:
- Deep dyspareunia is a pain that occurs with deep vaginal penetration, which results from pelvic thrusting during intercourse. Conditions are associated with deep dyspareunia are:
It may be classified into 2 type: primary and secondary based on its onset:
- Primary (onset with first sexual experience) Often has psychological causes, such as sexual abuse in childhood, feeling of guilt or shame toward sex or fear of intercourse or painful first intercourse.
- Secondary dyspareunia that its beginning is after a previous sexual activity that was not painful.
Dyspareunia can be classified into 2 types: persistent or conditional, based on its frequency:
- Persistent which occurs in all situations, possibly due to physical or psychological factors.
- Conditional dyspareunia that occurs in certain situations.
Dyspareunia in male
Male dyspareunia may be classified into broad categories.It may classified into 5 tysubtypes based on anatomic anomalies:
(1) prepuce
(2) glans penis
(3) penile shaft
(4) testicles
(5) urethra and prostate gland
Another classification system defines four broad categories for male dyspareunia:
- Isolated painful ejaculation
- Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain
- Medical causes
- psychological causes.