Urticaria classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
There are numerous types of urticaria. Based on the way wheals appear, they can be divided into spontaneous and physical urticaria. Spontaneous urticaria is further divided into acute and chronic urticaria, based on their duration. Mechanical forces and pressure on the skin or the ambient air temperature are responsible factors in development of physical urticaria, which can be divided into more subtypes, such as dermographic urticaria, delayed pressure urticaria, cold contact urticaria, heat contact urticaria, solar urticaria and vibratory urticaria. Besides these two main classes of urticaria there are other particular types such as, cholinergic urticaria, adrenergic urticaria, aquagenic urticaria, contact urticaria, Drug-induced urticaria.
Classification
Urticaria may be classified according to roles of triggers into two subtypes:
- Spontaneous urticaria[1]
- Acute urticaria: Spontaneous appearance of wheals, most days in a period less than 6 weeks.
- Chronic urticaria: Spontaneous appearance of wheals with more than 6 weeks duration.[2]
- Chronic continuous: Involvement in every days or most days.
- Chronic recurrent: There are symptom free intervals.
- Inducible urticaria[1]
- Dermographic urticaria: Appearance of wheals 1-5 minutes after a mechanical shearing force.
- Delayed pressure urticaria: Appearance of wheals 3-8 hours after a vertical pressure.
- Cold contact urticaria:[3]
- Appearance of wheals due to cold temperature, such as ice and cold air, water or wind).
- It is divided into primary and secondary subtypes. In primary form there is no known trigger causing the urticaria, besides cold temperature. Nevertheless, secondary form of cold contact urticaria is also associated to other triggers, such as medications, bacterial or viral infections, Hymenoptera stings, immunotherapy and hematological malignancies.
- Heat contact urticaria
- Solar urticaria: Appearance of wheals due to sunlight/ultraviolet light.
- Vibratory urticaria: Appearance of wheals due to vibratory forces, such as pneumatic hammer.
- Cholinergic urticaria: Usually due presents due to exercise or after a hot shower.
- Adrenergic urticaria
- Aquagenic urticaria
- Contact urticaria (allergic or pseudoallergic)
- Drug-induced urticaria
| Urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acute (Less than 6 weeks) | Chronic (More than 6 weeks) | Dermographic urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spontaneous (No identifiable trigger) | Inducible (Identifiable trigger) | Delayed pressure urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cold contact urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat contact urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Solar urticaria]] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vibratory urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cholinergic urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adrenergic urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aquagenic urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contact urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drug-induced urticaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zuberbier T (2003). "Urticaria". Allergy. 58 (12): 1224–34. doi:10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00327.x. PMID 14616095.
- ↑ Greaves M (2000). "Chronic urticaria". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 105 (4): 664–72. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.105706. PMID 10756214.
- ↑ Stepaniuk P, Vostretsova K, Kanani A (2018). "Review of cold-induced urticaria characteristics, diagnosis and management in a Western Canadian allergy practice". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 14: 85. doi:10.1186/s13223-018-0310-5. PMC 6299577. PMID 30574166.