Immune Thrombocytopenia pathophysiology

Immune Thrombocytopenia Microchapters
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Diagnostic Study of Choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maryam Barkhordarian, M.D.[2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

• Immune thrombocytopenia arises from platelets, which are blood cells that are normally involved in hemostasis.
• It is understood that Immune thrombocytopenia is caused by destruction of one's own platelets and megakaryocytes.
• The progression to immune thrombocytopenia usually involves the genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation and environmental factors which lead to autoimmunity.
• Molecular mimicry between foreign antigens and autologous platelet antigens leads to activation of cross-reactive B and T cell, starting autoimmune response.

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia include:

• Transmembrane mucin, MUC3A. (missense mutation)
• Secretory mucin, MUC5B. ( missense mutation)
• Secretory mucin, MUC6. (missense mutation)
• Fc<math>\gamma</math>R polymorphism.
• IKZF1 haploinsufficiency ( hematopoietic zinc finger transcription factor which directly binds to DNA. presents in familial immune thrombocytopenia.)
• HIF1 signaling pathway.
• mTOR signaling pathway.
• PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• [Mutation 1]
• [Mutation 2]
• [Mutation 3]

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

• [Condition 1]
• [Condition 2]
• [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].