Angiodysplasia differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nikita Singh, M.D.[2]

Overview

Angiodysplasia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause hematochezia, melena, and iron deficiency anemia, such as hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and colon cancer.

Differentiating Angiodysplasia from other Diseases

Angiodysplasia must be differentiated from diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, colon cancer, massive upper GI bleed and inflammatory bowel disease.

Diseases	Clinical manifestations						Para-clinical findings							Gold standard
	Symptoms			Physical examination
							Lab Findings			Imaging			Histopathology
	Symptom 1	Symptom 2	Symptom 3	Physical exam 1	Physical exam 2	Physical exam 3	Lab 1	Lab 2	Lab 3	Imaging 1	Imaging 2	Imaging 3
Diverticulitis	Abdominal cramps	Bloating	Diarrhoea	Left lower quadrant abdominal tenderness	Bowel sounds hypoactive/normoactive	Fever	Leukocytosis	Elevated ESR and CRP		Radiological test of choice - CT of abdomen and pelvis with contrast	Abdominal Ultrasound	MRI abdomen		Colonoscopy after resolution of inflammation
Hemorrhoids	Hematochezia	Anal pain	Anal protrusion	Skin tags	Fistulas or fissures	Prolapsed hemorrhoid							External hemorrhoids - distal to dentate line. Internal hemorrhoids - proximal to dentate line.	Anoscopy
Colon cancer	Tenesmus	Bowel habits change	Weight loss	Lmyphadenopathies	Abdominal mass	Hepatomegaly (metastasis)	Tumor marker - CEA			CT with contrast chest, abdomen and pelvis			Majority of colorectal cancers are carcinomas.	Colonoscopy
Massive upper GI bleed	Hematemesis	Abdominal pain	Melena	Hemodynamic instability	Upper abdominal tenderness	Pale skin	Acute bleeding - normocytic anemia	Elevated BUN-to-Creatinine ratio >30:1		CT angiography				Endoscopy
Inflammatory bowel disease	Bloody diarrhea	Tenesmus	Abdominal pain	Tachycardia, fever,	Occult blood on digital rectal exam	Anal fistulas, abscesses	Microcytic anemia	Leukocytosis	Elevated ESR, CRP	Abdominal X ray - free air, bowel obstruction, toxic megacolon	Barium studies	Ultrasound/CT/MRI	UC- crypt abscess Crohn's- transmural involvement, granulomas	Endoscopy
Angiodysplasia	Asymptomatic	Occult lower GI bleed	No abdominal pain	Signs of anemia	Systolic ejection murmur (if aortic stenosis)	Rarely, orthostasis or hypotension	Microcytic anemia	Renal and liver function tests	Coagulation studies	Radionuclide scanning	CTA/MRA	Upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy	Tortuous, dilated veins, venules and capillaries in the colonic mucosa and submucosa	Endoscopy