Pyonephrosis medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Harsh Vardhan Chawla, M.B.B.S.[2]
Medical therapy
- Pyonephrosis is a urological emergency.
- Hemodynamically unstable patients may require aggressive fluid resuscitation with crystalloids and pressor agent (dopamine) to maintain adequate blood pressure.
- Before initiating antimicrobial treatment for suspected pyonephrosis, a urine and blood culture and susceptibility test should always be performed.
- All patients with pyonephrosis should be empirically treated with long-acting, broad spectrum antibiotics which may be later narrowed based on culture report.
- Presence of pyonephrosis and obstruction reduces the efficacy and penetration of antibiotics. Therefore, drainage of the pus should be done immediately after administering the antibiotics.
- Intravenous Ampicillin + Gentamicin is a good initial option which covers both gram positive and negative organisms.
- Anaerobic coverage with Clindamycin, antifungal or antitubercular agents may be required depending upon the clinical scenario.
- Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae can be treated with ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam, plazomicin, eravacycline, and cefiderocol.