Bornholm disease epidemiology and demographics
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz
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Overview
Up to 90% of epidemics occur in the summer and early fall. The illness most commonly strikes people younger than age 30, although older people also may be affected.
Epidemiology and Demographics
According to the CDC, strains of the Coxsackie B4 virus were responsible for 1.9% of all enterovirus infections combined, which was equivalent to at least 54 cases in the United States alone. Bornholm disease is seemingly responsible for 20%-40% of all non-cardiac chest pain.[1] Severeal prominent outbreaks have occurred, which include:
- 1974: Singapore (patients were further studied in groups of "typical Bornholm disease" and "atypical Bornholm disease; the typical group included those with positive Coxsackie B3 virus)[2]
- 1958-1959: Toronto (strains of Coxsackie B5 virus isolated)[3][4]
Southeast Asia has reported fewer cases of Bornholm disease comparatively but a retrospective study performed at the National Taiwan University Hospital in 2005 yielded informative material. This included statistics such as:[5]
- Chest wall pain and tenderness present in 14% of the patients studied
- 75% cases experiencing pleuritic chest pain
- Radiological evidence in the form of pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions found in 45% of the cases
- Uncommon findings included tonsillar exudates and urinary tract infection
Various paediatric studies done at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital spanning from 2004-2012 found that of a total of 386 cases studied, 158 were due to the Coxsackie A4 virus, 145 were attributable to the Coxsackie B3 virus and only 83 were found to have been due to the Coxsackie B4 virus. [6]
References
- ↑ Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25: 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
- ↑ Chong AY, Lee LH, Wong HB (1975). "Epidemic pleurodynia (Bornholm disease) outbreak in Singapore. A clinical and virological study". Trop Geogr Med. 27 (2): 151–9. PMID 1179480.
- ↑ RYDER DE, DOANE FW, ZBITNEW A, RHODES AJ (1959). "Report of an outbreak of Bornholm disease, with isolation of Coxsackie B5 virus: Toronto, 1958". Can J Public Health. 50 (7): 265–9. PMID 13662912.
- ↑ McLean DM, Walker SJ, McNaughton GA (1960). "Enterovirus Infections in Toronto, 1959". Can Med Assoc J. 82 (13): 661–5. PMC 1937957. PMID 20326199.
- ↑ Huang WT, Lee PI, Chang LY, Kao CL, Huang LM, Lu CY; et al. (2010). "Epidemic pleurodynia caused by coxsackievirus B3 at a medical center in northern Taiwan". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 43 (6): 515–8. doi:10.1016/S1684-1182(10)60079-5. PMID 21195979.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.