Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis history and symptoms

	Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] AE Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[2]

Overview

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis manifests as a condition that manifests in stages of progressive disease and recovery.

The majority of patients exhibit five phases of clinical presentation: a prodromal stage, psychotic and/or seizure phase, unresponsive and/or catatonic phase, hyperkinetic phase, and gradual recovery phase.

Prodromal Features occur mainly in children and include:

Other features are:

Symptoms
Psychiatric symptoms	Neurologic symptoms
anxiety, paranoia, fear , psychosis mania insomnia	Movement Disorder : Orofacial dyskinesis are characterized by motions such as Chewing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, and facial grimacing Pelvic thrusting, pseudo-piano playing gestures, and extremity writhing Oculogyric crisis Dystonia Autonomic features: Tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperthermia Less commonly hypersalivation, urinary incontinence Seizures: Partial and generalized seizures, as well as status epilepticus, are possible, but partial seizures tend to predominate. Unexplained new onset epilepsy in young women Cognitive problems Short-term memory loss Diminished verbal output, echolalia, echopraxia, mutism.

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis has also been documented in a female adolescent with severe longitudinal myelitis and optic neuritis mimicking neuromyelitis optica and repeated relapses.