Solifenacin

Solifenacin

File:Solifenacin.svg
Clinical data
[[Regulation of therapeutic goods |Template:Engvar data]]	US FDA: Solifenacin
Pregnancy category	AU: B3 US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	G04BD08 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	90%
Protein binding	98%
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP3A4-mediated)
Elimination half-life	45 to 68 hours
Excretion	Renal (69.2%) and fecal (22.5%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-8-yl (1S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate
CAS Number	242478-38-2
PubChem CID	443937
DrugBank	APRD00168
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H26N2O2
Molar mass	362.465 g/mol

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Cochrane Collaboration on Solifenacin Bandolier on Solifenacin TRIP on Solifenacin
Clinical Trials
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Definitions of Solifenacin
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Solifenacin (rINN), marketed as solifenacin succinate under the trade name Vesicare, is a urinary antispasmodic of the anticholinergic class. It is used in the treatment of overactive bladder with or without urge incontinence.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Solifenacin is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. The binding of acetylcholine to these receptors, particularly the M₃ receptor subtype, plays a critical role in the contraction of smooth muscle. By preventing the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors, solifenacin reduces smooth muscle tone in the bladder, allowing the bladder to retain larger volumes of urine and reducing the number of micturition, urgency and incontinence episodes. Thanks to a long elimination half life, once-a-day dose can offer 24 hour control of the urinary bladder smooth muscle tone.

Contraindications

Solifenacin should not be taken by people with a history of previous hypersensitivity to it, urinary retention, gastric retention, uncontrolled or poorly controlled closed-angle glaucoma, or severe liver disease (Child-Pugh class C). It is also contraindicated in long QT syndrome, as solifenacin,like tolterodine and darifenacin, binds to HERG channels and may prolong the QT interval.

Interactions

Solifenacin is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4. When administered concomitantly with drugs that inhibit CYP3A4, such as ketoconazole, the metabolism of solifenacin is impaired, leading to an increase in its concentration in the body and a reduction in its excretion. The manufacturer recommends that the dosage of solifenacin not exceed 5 mg a day if it is taken with a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor.

As stated above, solifenacin may also prolong the QT interval. Therefore, it should not be administered concomitantly with drugs which also have this effect, such as moxifloxacin or pimozide.

Side effects

Main article: Anticholinergic

The most common side effects of solifenacin are dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. As all anticholinergics, solifenacin may rarely cause heat prostration due to decreased perspiration.

Pharmacoeconomics

In a study of cost-effectiveness analysis, the average medical cost per overactive bladder patient with successful treatment is reported to be lowest for 5 mg solifenacin ($6863 per annum) among anticholinergic drugs to treat overactive bladder in the united states (Pharmacotherapy 2006, 26 1694-1702).