Anal fissure (patient information)
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What is an Anal fissure?
An anal fissure is a small split or tear in the thin moist tissue (mucosa) lining the lower rectum (anus).
What are the symptoms of an Anal fissure?
Anal fissures may cause painful bowel movements and bleeding. There may be blood on the outside of the stool or on the toilet tissue (or baby wipes) following a bowel movement.
Other symptoms may include:
- A crack in the skin that can be seen when the area is stretched slightly (the fissure is almost always in the middle)
- Constipation
What are the causes of an Anal fissure?
Who is at risk for Anal fissure's ?
How to know you have an Anal fissure?
When to seek urgent medical care
Call your health care provider if symptoms associated with anal fissure are present, or if the fissure does not heal appropriately with treatment.
Treatment options
Most fissures heal on their own and do not require treatment, aside from good diaper hygiene in babies.
However, some fissures may require treatment. The following home care methods usually heal most anal fissures.
- Cleansing more gently
- Diet changes -- eating more bulk, substances that absorb water while in the intestinal tract
- Muscle relaxants applied to the skin
- Numbing cream, if pain interferes with normal bowel movement
- Petroleum jelly applied to the area
- Sitz bath
- Stool softeners
If the anal fissues do not go away with home care methods, treatment may involve:
- Botox injections into muscle in the anus (anal sphincter)
- Minor surgery to relax the anal muscle
Diseases with similar symptoms
Where to find medical care for an Anal fissure
Directions to Hospitals Treating an Anal fissure
Prevention of an Anal fissure
To prevent anal fissures in infants, be sure to change diapers frequently.
To prevent fissures at any age:
- Keep the anal area dry
- Wipe with soft materials or a moistened cloth or cotton pad
- Promptly treat any constipation or diarrhea
- Avoid irritating the rectum
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)
Anal fissures generally heal quickly without further problems. However, people who develop fissures are more likely to have them in the future.
Possible Complications
Occasionally, a fissure becomes chronic and will not heal. Chronic fissures may require minor surgery to relax the sphincter.