High cholesterol physical examination
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Elevated cholesterol does not lead to specific physical examination signs unless it has been longstanding. Some types of hypercholesterolemia lead to specific physical findings:
Head, eyes, ears, nose throat (HEENT): xanthelasma palpabrum (yellowish patches around the eyelids) and arcus senilis (white discoloration of the peripheral cornea).
Longstanding elevated hypercholesterolemia leads to accelerated atherosclerosis; this can express itself in a number of cardiovascular diseases:
Heart and Lungs: Congestive heart failure and rales due to ischemia or myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Neurologic exam: Signs of either [[transient ischemic attack]s (TIAs) or cerebrovascular accidents/Strokes
Peripheral arterial exam:
- Xanthoma (thickening of tendons due to accumulation of cholesterol)
- Reduced femoral, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses and femoral bruit due to peripheral artery disease (PAD)