Congenital heart disease causes
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Differentiating Congenital heart disease from other Disorders |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2] Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [3]
Overview
As is common with many congenital related conditions, there are gaps in knowledge regarding the causation of congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease is multi-factorial in origin, with genetics and environmental factors both playing a role.
Causes
Current knowledge regarding the causes of congenital heart disease is limited. Most research has been based on small studies(<1,000 patients). Congenital heart disease is multi-factorial in origin, with genetics and environmental factors both playing a role.
Potential causal agents/processes include the following:[1]
- Genetics: While many genetic syndromes are associated with a congenital heart defect, the obverse is not true and many cases of congenital heart disease are not associated with a genetic defect. Genetic syndromes that are associated with congenital heart defects include DiGeorge syndrome (22q11 deletion syndrome), Holt-Oram syndrome, and Alagille syndrome. The genetics of congenital heart disease may vary by defect.
- Risk factors during pregnancy:
- Maternal rubella infection has been related to PDA, pulmonic valvular stenosis, and ASD
- Chronic maternal alcohol abuse is associated with increased risk of VSD)
- Maternal lupus erythematous is associated with congenital complete heart block
- Ingestion of thalidomide
- Isotretinonin
- Lithium (tricuspid valve anomalies)
Sources
- The ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities [2]
References
- ↑ Braunwald Zipes Libby. Heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 6th Edition chapter 43 : W.B. Saunders ; . pp 1505
- ↑ Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207