Cardiac disease in pregnancy overview

Cardiac disease in pregnancy Microchapters
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Overview
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Electrocardiogram
Exercise Testing
Radiation Exposure
Chest X Ray
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Catheterization: Pulmonary artery catheterization Cardiac catheterization Cardiac Ablation
Treatment
Cardiovascular Drugs in Pregnancy
Labor and delivery
Resuscitation in Late Pregnancy
Contraindications to pregnancy
Special Scenarios: I. Pre-existing Cardiac Disease: Congenital Heart Disease Repaired Congenital Heart Disease Pulmonary Hypertension Rheumatic Heart Disease Connective Tissue Disorders II. Valvular Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis Mitral Regurgitation Aortic Insufficiency Aortic Stenosis Mechanical Prosthetic Valves Tissue Prosthetic Valves III. Cardiomyopathy: Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Peripartum Cardiomyopathy IV. Cardiac diseases that may develop During Pregnancy: Arrhythmias Acute Myocardial Infarction Hypertension
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor In Chief: Anjan K. Chakrabarti, M.D. [2]

Overview

• Approximately 1-4% of pregnancies in the United States involve maternal cardiovascular disease.
• With a careful pre-pregnancy evaluation, most women with cardiovascular disease can have a pregnancy with proper care.
• Pregnancy can "unmask" underlying cardiovascular disease, due to hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy.
• Maternal cardiovascular disease includes (most commonly) congenital disease, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, valvular disease (with as mitral valve prolapse), pulmonary hypertension, and coronary disease. cardiac disease is now congenital in origin. Other cardiovascular problems seen include cardiomyopathies, both dilated and hypertrophic, and valvular disease, such as bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse. Less common problems include pulmonary hypertension and, rarely, coronary artery disease. Any of the above require a strategy regarding the frequency of follow-up by the cardiologist and a plan for labor and delivery.

References

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