Hemothorax (patient information)
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Hemothorax |
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Hemothorax On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.[2] Phone:617-849-2629
Overview
Hemothorax is a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung (the pleural cavity).
What are the symptoms of Hemothorax?
What causes Hemothorax?
The most common cause of hemothorax is chest trauma. It can also occur in patients who have:
A defect of blood clotting Death of lung tissue (pulmonary infarction) Lung or pleural cancer Placement of a central venous catheter Thoracic or heart surgery Tuberculosis Symptoms Anxiety Chest pain Low blood pressure Pale, cool and clammy skin Rapid heart rate Rapid, shallow breathing Restlessness Shortness of breath
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call 911 if you have:
Any serious injury to the chest Chest pain or shortness of breath Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:
Dizziness, fever, or a feeling of heaviness in your chest Severe chest pain Severe difficulty breathing
Diagnosis
Your doctor may note decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side. Signs of hemothorax may be seen on the following tests: Chest x-ray CT scan Pleural fluid analysis Thoracentesis
Treatment options
The goal of treatment is to get the patient stable, stop the bleeding, and remove the blood and air in the pleural space. A chest tube is inserted through the chest wall to drain the blood and air. It is left in place for several days to re-expand the lung.
When a hemothorax is severe and a chest tube alone does not control the bleeding, surgery (thoracotomy) may be needed to stop the bleeding.
The cause of the hemothorax should be also treated. In people who have had an injury, chest tube drainage is often all that is needed. Surgery is often not needed.
Where to find medical care for Hemothorax?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Hemothorax
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The outcome depends on the cause of the hemothorax and how quickly treatment is given.
Possible complications
Collapsed lung, leading to respiratory failure Death Empyema Fibrosis or scarring of the pleural membranes Pneumothorax Shock
Prevention
Use safety measures (such as seat belts) to avoid injury. Depending on the cause, a hemothorax may not be preventable.
Sources
Causes
Treatment
Outlook (Prognosis)
Possible Complications
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Prevention